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Infants exposed to cocaine prenatally have significant cognitive deficits.(Brief Article)
2002 MAY 9 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- Prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and developmental delays during the first two years of life, according to an article in the April 17, 2002, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Lynn T. Singer, PhD, of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and colleagues assessed the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child developmental outcomes. "Our study found significant cognitive deficits, with cocaine-exposed children twice as likely to have significant delay throughout the first 2 years of life," the authors reported.
According to background information in the article, an estimated 1 million children have been born after fetal cocaine exposure since the mid-1980s, when the so-called crack epidemic started with the availability of the cheap, yet potent smokable form of the drug. The authors said that maternal use of cocaine during pregnancy remains a significant public health problem, particularly in urban areas of the United States and among women of low socioeconomic status. There have been few longitudinal studies of cocaine-exposed infants and the the findings have been contradictory.
This study followed 415 infants (218 cocaine exposed and 197 unexposed) who were recruited along with their mothers between 1994 and 1996 at a large urban county teaching hospital and who had been identified from a high-risk population screened for drug use. The cocaine-exposed babies were compared with unexposed infants from the same population on standardized measures of cognitive and motor development until 2 years of age. The cocaine-using mothers reported having used alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco more frequently and in greater amounts than nonusers of cocaine during all trimesters of their pregnancies.
"Cocaine-exposed infants had a lower gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and length than unexposed infants," the authors reported. "The 13.7% rate of mental retardation (27 children in the cocaine-exposed group versus 7.18%, 13 children, ...
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Source: HighBeam Research, Infants exposed to cocaine prenatally have significant cognitive...