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Even Low Levels Of Alcohol During Pregnancy Found Dangerous To Fetal Brain Cells.
2002 FEB 14 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- Alcohol and driving are a bad combination on the highway, but consuming alcohol during pregnancy is even more dangerous. Drinking can destroy brain cells of an unborn fetus.
Scientists at the University of Arkansas for Medical Science (UAMS) have discovered that exposure of the developing brain to alcohol damages important cells, called microglial cells. Cynthia J.M. Kane, PhD, associate professor in the department of anatomy and neurobiology in the UAMS College of Medicine, reported at the recent American Society for Cell Biology annual meeting in Washington, DC, that low levels of alcohol kill microglial cells and suppress their growth and maturation in the developing brain.
In addition, Kane has identified ways to protect these cells from alcohol damage by modulating the activity of specific molecular signaling pathways inside the microglial cells.
Kane and her colleagues at UAMS have developed an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) that allowed her laboratory to study the basic cellular neurobiology of fetal alcohol exposure. Further, she is using cultures of microglial cells and neurons from the brain to probe the molecular mechanisms inside cells that are disrupted by alcohol. Using these methods, she first proved that microglial cells are direct targets of alcohol-induced pathology in the brain.
During these studies, her team discovered in the laboratory that these microglial cells are more sensitive to alcohol than other cell types in the brain, including neurons. To understand how alcohol kills cells she identified target proteins within the cells whose activity was either inhibited or activated by alcohol. In the next step, she used chemicals to systematically block the ability of alcohol to affect the target molecules and made the ...
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