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2002 FEB 7 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- by Michael Greer, senior medical writer - Researchers in the United Kingdom have identified a protein that may mediate mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
"DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin able to bind HIV gp120 with high affinity, mediating HIV adsorption to the surface of dendritic cells for up to several days," explained Elizabeth J. Soilleux and colleagues at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge.
This lectin may potentiate vertical HIV transmission, Soilleux and coworkers argued.
DC-SIGN expression was found on Hofbauer cells, placental macrophages that reside in the villus, they said. These cells expressed CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4, chemokine receptors used by HIV for cell entry. Macrophages from the decidua basalis also expressed DC-SIGN, according to the report.
Maternal blood, which also includes DC-SIGN[superscript]+ cells, is separated from Hofbauer cells and decidual macrophages by a layer of trophoblasts, the researchers noted. However, this trophoblast layer is ...