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Epitope Affinity Enhancement Can Improve Vaccine Efficacy.(Brief Article)
2002 JAN 23 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- by Michael Greer, senior medical writer - Researchers in the United States have modified an HIV protein-based vaccine to improve its ability to trigger long-term immune responses.
"Natural viral proteins do not always make optimal vaccines," explained Jeffrey D. Ahlers and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health's Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section in Bethesda, Maryland, and Immunex Corporation in Seattle. "We have found that sequence modification to increase epitope affinity for class II MHC molecules (epitope enhancement) can improve immunogenicity."
In their study in the December 2001 edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Ahlers and coauthors showed that epitope-enhanced vaccines could also produce conditions conducive to persistent cell-mediated HIV immunity.
Their modified vaccine not only augmented cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to HIV in animals but also raised helper T-cell output of Th1 cytokines, according to the report. Moreover, these helper T cells expressed heightened levels of CD40 ligand (CD40L).
Enhanced CD4 cell expression of CD40L led to an increase in interleukin (IL)-12 production by dendritic cells in vitro, which further polarized T cells into Th1 activity. CD40L-sensitized dendritic cells continued to induce Th1 responses even after they were placed into different cell cultures, study data showed.
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Source: HighBeam Research, Epitope Affinity Enhancement Can Improve Vaccine Efficacy.(Brief...