Studyin' War Some More What there is to learn, and re-learn.(the World Trade Center disaster finds America with little recent experience in war)

The issue of the London Spectator dated March 24 of this year ran a special section on the military, its place in British society, and its future prospects. The lead-off piece was by historian Niall Ferguson, author of a fine book, The Pity of War, about World War I. In his article, Ferguson deplored the "demilitarization" of Britain, and the profound implications of that phenomenon not only for the nation's security, but for her culture. He complained of the difficulty he was having indoctrinating his sons with any sense of military values or virtues: "In vain have I visited toyshops in an effort to equip them with some serious plastic weaponry. It is a great deal easier to buy merchandise inspired by Star Wars than by any real wars."

The issue drew some rather scathing mail from German readers, pointing out that, even allowing for the Blitz, the British experience of war has been radically milder than continental Europe's, where all those nations engaged in the world wars of the last century had endured the shocks of defeat and occupation-"being bossed around by armed foreigners," as one reader expressed it. They have a point, of course; but if Britain has been excluded from the worst war has to offer, how much more so the United States, whose cities, prior to September 11, had never been attacked from the air?

What do we know of war? Even our military men now have less combat experience than at any time in the nation's history. America's wars of the 1980s and 1990s were small affairs, the battles brief and extraordinarily one-sided, involving comparatively tiny numbers of combatants. The youngest Vietnam veterans are now nudging fifty; the youngest Korean War veterans are in their mid sixties; the youngest WWII veterans are well into their seventies. Samuel Johnson observed that "every man thinks meanly of himself for not having been a soldier, or not having been at sea." I doubt if this still applies, since the experience of not having been a soldier is now so nearly universal.

The experience of war is kept alive for us in books and movies, of course, but it is in the nature of such things that we get a selective impression. Saving Private Ryan was a very fine movie, but it probably left large numbers of young people believing that wars are won solely by brave men storming beaches and engaging the enemy face-to-face. Tom Brokaw's 1998 bestseller The Greatest Generation broadened the canvas a little, showing nurses, engineers, and union organizers. Now, it is certainly true that WWII could not have been won without the heroic efforts of combat infantrymen and those who supported them at home; but these images we have been getting the past few years have tended to gloss over, or leave out altogether, other factors in the 1945 victory. There was the terror- bombing of enemy cities, for example-a strategy about which many allied war leaders, notably Churchill, had serious moral qualms, and whose precise military value is still the subject of debate. The experience of being an urban civilian on the receiving end of a 1,000-bomber incendiary raid has received very little attention from movie producers and has not figured at all in the "greatest generation" productions; neither, for that matter, has the grueling and horrible but un-photogenic business of keeping the Atlantic sea-lanes open, recreated so unsparingly in Nicholas Monsarrat's 1951 novel The Cruel Sea. For all that we flatter ourselves about the realism of recent war movies like Ryan and The Thin Red Line, we have slipped into a popular conception of warfare as romanticized, in its own way, as the Song of Roland.

I confess I never felt much at ease with the "greatest generation" promotions. Sure, it was good to see the old folk being honored for the sacrifices they made in turning back the ...