Converting theory into practice, and back again. (Editorial).(Editorial)(Brief Article)

The need to convert theory into practice has always been important in the nutrition field. In simple terms, it involves incorporating scientific research into activities which support nutritional health. Evidence-based practice is a specific version of this process. Within healthcare services, evidence-based medicine has grown through the development of transparent systems of review, such as that demonstrated in the National evidence based guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (1). Although addressing a broad range of clinical and preventive issues, sections of this report deal with nutrition-specific areas and produce recommendations for practice supported by evidence statements. The review system is based on National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines which specify criteria for levels of evidence in human studies (2). The highest level of evidence is a systematic review of all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Although there are limitations, this system is useful for practitioners in a number of ways. First, it enables the recognition of different forms of research (for example, controlled trials, comparative observations, animal model experiments) and establishes a hierarchy for review. It helps practitioners to differentiate between information from different kinds of scientific research and supports decisions on direct incorporation into practice. Second, by establishing 'rules of review', it supports the development of a common understanding …