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BIOSENSORS.(recent research and developments)
High Precision Biosensor Monitors Molecules Released by Cells
A joint R & D team drawn from Nippon Telegraph and Telephone's Basic Research Laboratories, and Ehime University; has developed a new biosensor capable of observing and monitoring trace volumes of molecules as they are released from cells. This enables a highly accurate tracking of the chemicals released by living cells.
In their report, the joint team explains that their goal has been to develop a device which can be utilised in the investigation of nerve-cell activities, including a variety of disorders, for example, allergies. Such a device has to be small, certainly in comparison to most conventional biosensors, because the latter treat relatively large samples, making it more time consuming and difficult to monitor the rapid changes taking place in biomolecule concentrations around cells, which correspond to the activities taking place within cells themselves.
The new biosensor requires only a microlitre of sample to respond. It is effective even when the flow rate of a sample is fed in at just 25 nanolitres per minute.
Other possible uses being contemplated, see the biosensor as a means of identifying effects of environmental pollutants on cells.
Describing their work, the joint team say they fabricated a two layer substrate composed of a layer made from glass, which a has trench to accommodate the flow of a liquid sample, and a second layer that is in the form of a carbon-film electrode, enabling measurements to be taken
On the upstream side of this two layer substrate an enzyme is fixed that reacts with a particular biomolecule in a test sample.
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