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Epidermal Powder Immunization Confers Protection With Or Without Adjuvants.(Brief Article)
2001 AUG 22 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) --
by N.R. Saltmarsh, staff medical writer - Influenza vaccine delivered via epidermal powder immunization (EPI) can offer protection against lethal challenge with influenza in one or two doses, depending on whether adjuvants are used, according to a report in the Journal of Virology.
"Both circulating and mucosal antibodies are considered important for protection against infection by influenza virus in humans and animals," noted D. Chen and colleagues at PowderJect Vaccines, Madison, Wisconsin. "However, current inactivated vaccines administered by intramuscular injection using a syringe and needle elicit primarily circulating antibodies."
The researchers found that EPI in this case stimulated both serum and mucosal antibodies to an inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Using cholera toxin (CT), a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG DNA), or both as adjuvants improved serum antibody responses, they added.
Chen and coworkers detected secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies in the saliva and mucosal lavages of the small intestine, trachea, and vaginal tract, and clarified the local origin of the sIgA antibodies by measuring antibodies released from cultured tracheal and small intestinal fragments and by detecting antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the lamina propria using ELISPOT assays ("Serum and mucosal immune responses to an inactivated influenza virus vaccine induced by epidermal powder immunization," J Virol, September 2001;75(17):7956-7965).
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