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Researchers Determine How TB Bacterium Evades Detection By Immune System.
2001 AUG 15 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) --
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the scourges of humans, infecting about one-third of the world's population, or two billion people. It kills an estimated eight million people annually. And while a vaccine exists for children, an effective vaccine for adults remains elusive.
A study published in the July 15, 2001, issue of the Journal of Immunology may unlock a door in the search for a vaccine. The study from CWRU's School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland in Ohio details how the tuberculosis bacterium evades detection by the body's immune system.
An infectious disease, TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be transmitted through the air. Left untreated, TB can cause the development of cavities in the lungs and other tissues, leading to a variety of symptoms, including severe cough (at times with blood), fever, weight loss, and can become life-threatening.
Growth of the bacteria in the lungs of infected persons is controlled in many cases, but not eradicated, by the immune system. However, when immunity fails because of malnutrition, aging, or HIV infection, the bacteria grow, causing active TB of the lung.
When an infection invades the body, the immune system is called upon to control and stop the infection. Important soldiers in the war against infection are scavenger cells called macrophages which chew up invading bacteria and deliver pieces of them to white blood cells named CD4 T cells. Macrophages have a specialized set of molecules, called MHC-II (which stands for class II major histocompatibility complex). This set of molecules is used to present the pieces ...
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