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Adjuvant Properties Of Cholera Toxin Elicit Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Responses.(Brief Article)
2001 MAY 23 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) --
by N.R. Saltmarsh, staff medical writer - Cholera toxin may one day find a niche as a useful vaccine adjuvant, particularly when mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) stimulation is required.
"Cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile toxin (LT) of Escherichia coli act as adjuvants for the enhancement of mucosal and serum antibody (Ab) responses to mucosally co-administered protein antigen (Ag)," reported M. Yamamoto and other researchers working in Japan.
They noted that both LT and CT stimulate B7-2 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for signaling to CD4(+) T cells. CT directly affects CD4(+) T cells with selective inhibition of Th1 responses whereas LT maintains Th1 cytokine responses by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-4.
Yamamoto et al. also found that LT, but not CT, can induce mucosal adjuvant activity in the absence of IL-4, and that nontoxic mutant CTs retain adjuvant properties by inducing CD4(+) Th2 cells, which improve Ag-specific mucosal IgA, and serum IgG1, IgE, and IgA antibody responses.
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