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First Vaccine To Protect Children Proven Effective.(Brief Article)
2001 MAY 9 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) --
Scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, have developed and tested the first vaccine capable of protecting children from ages two to five against typhoid fever.
Results of the study, which was conducted in Vietnam, were reported in the April 26, 2001, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. The effectiveness of the vaccine - 91.5% - is the highest reported for any typhoid vaccine.
"We have a two-fold victory in world public health," said Duane Alexander, MD, director of the NICHD. "Not only is this the first vaccine to protect young children against typhoid fever, it appears to be the most effective typhoid vaccine ever developed. And in contrast to other typhoid vaccines, it is virtually free of side effects."
Untreated, typhoid fever is a debilitating and life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium, Salmonella typhi. Vaccine development for typhoid fever has been difficult, because S. typhi inhabits and causes illness only in human beings - there are no animal models for the disease. Typhoid fever is spread by fecal contamination of drinking water or food, or by person to person contact. The disease is common in developing countries lacking adequate sewage and sanitation facilities. Symptoms include fever, stomach pains, weight loss, loss of appetite, delirium, severe diarrhea (in children), and constipation (in adults).
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 16 million people worldwide develop typhoid each year, and 600,000 die from it. Roughly 400 cases of typhoid fever occur in the U.S. each year, about 70% of which are acquired by Americans traveling abroad.
The NICHD researchers chose to do the study in the Dong Thap province of the Mekong Delta, a rural area which lacks a public sewage system and therefore has a high incidence of typhoid fever - roughly 413 cases for every 100,000 children under age 15. More than 90% of the typhoid strains present in the area are resistant to the antibiotics used to treat the disease.
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Source: HighBeam Research, First Vaccine To Protect Children Proven Effective.(Brief Article)