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Black Girls Are At Particular Risk For Obesity By Age Nine.
2001 MAR 22- (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- The first longitudinal study in the United States to examine adiposity in a large biracial cohort indicates that girls are vulnerable to become obese during pubescence and the onset of menarche.
Black girls, however, because they typically enter puberty earlier and have higher body mass indexes, are particularly prone to obesity, according to the study published in the March 2001 issue of Pediatrics.
More than 50% of African-American women are obese, with higher mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. For example, coronary heart disease mortality is 36% higher in black women than in white. In 1985, the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute initiated a 10-year Growth and Health Study (NGHS) to investigate the reasons behind these statistics.
S.Y. Kimm and colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, investigated the relationships between increases in adiposity and puberty, energy intake, and physical activity.
The study cohort consisted of 2,379 girls (51% black, 49% white) ages 9 to 10 years in 1985, and who were followed-up annually for 10 years (89% were present at year 10). Adiposity was measured as a sum of skin folds (SSF) at the triceps, subcapular and suprailiac sites, and body mass index (BMI, weight in kilograms divided by height in meters, squared).
The mean SSF in black girls became significantly higher than in white girls by age 10 and remained higher thereafter. SSFs in both races increased linearly until age 14, when they tended to level off. The racial differences in SSFs were constant between the ages of 12 and 17, but at age 18, SSFs in black women increased at a greater rate until mean SSFs were 6 mm larger in black women than in white, Kimm et al. said.
In the 85th percentile, the largest girls in both groups, the SSFs for black girls were 9 mm larger at baseline (age nine) and grew to 20 mm larger than their white counterparts by age 19.
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