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According to recent research published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and combined oral contraceptive (COC) use with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Two case-control studies of women who presented for gynecologic care and underwent cytologic and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing were performed."
"The first included oncogenic HPV-positive women grouped based on histology: negative (n = 152), CIN1 (n = 133), and CIN2-3 or greater (n = 173). For the second, 2 groups were identified: negative HPV/ negative histology (n = 107) and positive oncogenic HPV/ negative histology (n = 152). Among oncogenic HPV-positive women, DMPA use was inversely associated with CIN2-3 or greater (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-1.1) and CIN1 (ORadj, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.01-0.6); COC use was not associated with either. Among histologically negative women, DMPA use was associated with oncogenic HPV (ORadj, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.4-15.8). Among women with oncogenic HPV, hormonal contraceptive use was not associated with an increased risk of CIN2-3 or greater," wrote T.G. Harris and colleagues (see also Human Papillomavirus).
The researchers concluded: "Longer-term ...