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INTRODUCTION
The 1990s have been witness to many new trends in organizations, particularly with regard to people and quality. Organizations have sought to become more efficient by reducing staff through layoffs and early retirements, shedding peripheral businesses, and outsourcing activities previously performed internally. The remaining work has been accomplished with fewer people while product/service quality has been maintained or increased. Employee reductions have particularly affected middle-level managers and created flatter organizations. In such environments people are given more responsibility and increasingly expected to work in teams. These changes have ...