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Researchers at University of Siena have published new data on cytokines.

Women's Health Weekly

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"Inflammation is a process by which tissues respond to various insults. It is characterized by upregulation of chemokines, cytokines, and pattern recognition receptors that sense microbes and tissue breakdown products," investigators in Siena, Italy report (see also Cytokines).

"During pregnancy, the balance of Th1 (cell-mediated immunity) and Th2 (humoral immunity) cytokines is characterized by an initial prevalence of Th2 cytokines, followed by a progressive shift toward Th1 predominance late in gestation, that when is abnormal, may initiate and intensify the cascade of inflammatory cytokine production involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal and placental hormones may affect the inflammatory pathway. Hypoxia and the innate immune response are 2 adaptive mechanisms by which organisms respond to perturbation in organ function, playing a major role in spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery," wrote J.R. Challis and colleagues, University of Siena.

The researchers concluded: "The ...

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