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THE FIRST storage media--paper tape and punched cards--were inefficient, slow and bulky. These gave way to magnetic storage: core memory, drums and, finally, hard drives. For backup, there were removable media: magnetic tape reels and cartridges, floppy disks and removable hard drives. Then optics (CDROM and DVD drives) supplanted magnetism for archival uses. Today's computers need to store more data than ever. The most recent storage generation replaces moving parts with solid-state electronics.
Through all this evolution runs a constant thread: Storage got faster and it got smaller, packing more data into less space. We measure this storage density (also called areal density) in units of bits per square inch (or bit/in. (2)). The increase in density over time, particularly with magnetic media, has been remarkable; the cost-effectiveness is astronomical.
A hard drive with a density of 329Gbit/in. (2) was just announced by Seagate Technology LLC. For perspective, researchers believe that ITbit/in. (2) represents the …