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Contraceptive options for HIV-infected women.(Hormonal Contraceptive Use by HIV-infected Women)
Women with HIV have a right to decide whether they want to become pregnant and bear children. But if an HIV-infected woman chooses not to have children, or wants to space her family, she should be able to make informed, voluntary decisions about contraception and then receive her method of choice. Such use of contraception by HIV-infected women is an important way to reduce HIV-positive births.
HIV-infected women can use most contraceptive methods safely. While weighing the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, however, a woman living with HIV must consider the effects of each method on her own health, risk of infecting others with HIV, and response to HIV/AIDS treatment. Thus, counselors should help each HIV-infected woman assess her contraceptive needs, review all the contraceptive options available to her, and determine whether she and her partner will be able to use a particular method or combination of methods safely, correctly, and consistently. (1)
Hormonal methods
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that HIV-infected women can safely use hormonal contraceptives--including combined oral contraceptives (COCs), the injectables depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), and implants such as Norplant. Yet, questions remain about the effects of hormonal contraception on a woman's HIV infectiousness (see article, page 14) and disease progression (see article, page 15) and about the consequences of interactions between these methods and antiretroviral (ARV) drugs (see articles, pages 20 through 22).
Condoms
Male and female condoms are the only contraceptive methods that can prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Male condoms can be 97 percent effective in preventing pregnancy if used correctly and consistently; as typically used, they are about 86 percent effective. (2) Likewise, male condom use reduces HIV incidence by 80 percent to 97 percent, but only if condoms are used correctly during each act of sexual intercourse with an infected partner. (3)
Female condoms can be 95 percent…
- HIV-Infected Women Have Elevated Rates Of Gynecologic Disorders.
- Magazine article from: Family Planning Perspectives Olenick, I. September 1, 1999 700+ words
HIV-infected women are more likely than women without...biological causes were more common among HIV-infected women.[1] To study the association...disorders, researchers recruited 292 HIV-infected women and 681 uninfected women from patient...
- Transdermal Testosterone Replacement Effective for HIV Infected Women.(Brief...
- Newspaper article from: AIDS Weekly September 18, 2000 700+ words
...levels in androgen-deficient HIV infected women, researchers have found. "Androgen deficiency in HIV infected women is associated with loss of...TMTDS) in eight menstruating HIV infected women, 18-50 years, who had been...
- MQOL-HIV is valid for use with HIV-infected women.
- Newspaper article from: Health & Medicine Week July 5, 2004 700+ words
...HIV) is valid for use with HIV-infected women. According to a study from...validity and reliability for HIV-infected women. The purpose of this study...HIV) in a sample of 85 HIV-infected women." "The MQOL-HIV is a...
- Postpartum sterilization choices made by HIV-infected women.(CLINICAL...
- Magazine article from: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology Stuart, Gretchen S. Castano, Paula M. Sheffield, Jeanne S. McElwee, Barbara McIntire, Donald D. Wendel, George D. January 1, 2005 700+ words
...Abstract Objective. To assess if HIV-infected women made different choices for...1993 through December 2002. HIV-infected women who completed a pregnancy...protocol in November 1994, fewer HIV-infected women chose postpartum sterilization...
- Serum Albumin Predicts Survival in HIV Infected Women.(Brief...
- Newspaper article from: AIDS Weekly July 3, 2000 700+ words
...a predictor of survival in HIV infected women. "The level of serum albumin...prospective cohort of 2,056 HIV infected women at various stages of disease...a predictor of survival in HIV infected women in the Women's Interagency...
- Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HIV-infected women: prevalence, Pap...
- Newspaper article from: AIDS Weekly Wright, T. Chiasson, M. Ellerbrock, T. March 8, 1993 700+ words
...reports have suggested that in HIV-infected women the risk of cervical cancer...cross-sectional study of 303 HIV-infected women to better determine the prevalence...specificity of Pap smears in HIV-infected women. All 303 women were evaluated...
- Decisions to have a baby by HIV-infected women.
- Magazine article from: Western Journal of Nursing Research Sowell, Richard L. February 1, 1997 700+ words
...and societal factors. For HIV-infected women, the factors surrounding...expected to deter pregnancy in HIV-infected women. Yet available research suggests...professionals who work with HIV-infected women to understand the factors...
- Does pregnancy speed HIV progression?(Hormonal Contraceptive Use by...
- Magazine article from: Network Shears, Kathleen Henry June 22, 2007 700+ words
...an important question for HIV-infected women interested in using hormonal...been raised that pregnancy in HIV-infected women could hasten HIV-related...Early reports of pregnancy in HIV-infected women seemed to support the hypothesis...
- Prevalence and risk factors of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies in European HIV...
- Magazine article from: Sexually Transmitted Infections Benthem, B H B van Spaargaren, J Hoek, J A R van den Merks, J Coutinho, R A Prins, M April 1, 2001 700+ words
...1 and HSV-2 antibodies in HIV infected women and the association between...a European cohort study of HIV infected women. Prevalence rate ratios described...CD4 count. Conclusion: In HIV infected women, the prevalence of HSV antibodies...
- Feeding method does not affect mortality of infants of HIV-infected women....
- Magazine article from: International Family Planning Perspectives Rosenberg, J. June 1, 2002 700+ words
Of infants born to HIV-infected women participating in a study in...nutrition among infants of HIV-infected women in developing countries, researchers recruited a sample of HIV-infected women from antenatal clinics in...
Source: HighBeam Research, Contraceptive options for HIV-infected women.(Hormonal Contraceptive...
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