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THIS PROTO-PASSAT WAGON LED THE WAY.(Escape Roads)
Byline: JOHN F. KATZ
With more modern lines, more luggage space and bigger, more expansive windows, Volkswagen's 1500 sedan debuted in late 1961 as a step up from the ubiquitous Beetle. But it was the 1500 station wagon-marketed descriptively as the Squareback in North America-that offered an even better alternative to the cargo-challenged Bug.
Superficially similar to the Beetle in layout, the 1500's new Type 3 chassis (Type 1 was the Beetle, Type 2 the van) handled better, with ball-joint steering, front antiroll bar and higher front roll center. Relative to the sedan, the Squareback's stiffer rear torsion bars, fatter front antiroll bar and bigger brakes made it better still, while its boxy wagon shape brought its center of aerodynamic pressure closer to its center of gravity, for the best cross-wind stability of any VW yet built.
The 1500's 45-hp pancake-four looked familiar, too, but was nearly all new, with a flattened oil cooler and a relocated fan that lowered its profile to just 15 inches. For 1968, electronic fuel injection and 1600 cc boosted output to 65 hp at 4600 rpm. The following year brought an automatic transmission option and a semi-trailing rather than swing-axle rear suspension. A longer nose expanded luggage space for 1970, bringing the wagon's total to 8.1 cubic feet up front plus another 42.4 out back. Of the 2 million Type 3s assembled through 1973, 43 percent were wagons.
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