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Consistent condom use significantly reduces genital herpes transmission.(SEX RESEARCH UPDATE)
Although it is not a reportable sexually transmitted infection (STI), prevalence studies suggest that genital herpes (HSV-2) is probably the second most common sexually transmitted infection in Canada (HPV is the most common). A study of patients visiting two Canadian STI clinics found an overall prevalence of HSV-2 of 19% (Singh et al., 2005). Recent research has helped to clarify the natural history of HSV-2 and to inform efforts to reduce transmission. For example, a recent review of the research literature by Leone (2005) indicates that about 85% to 90% of HSV-2 infections are asymptomatic (the individual does not know that he or she is infected) and asymptomatic viral shedding is responsible for a large proportion of HSV-2 transmission. However, the Leone (2005) review indicates that for individuals with known infection, daily treatment with valacyclovir reduces the risk of transmission to uninfected partners by about 50%.
Until recently there has been little research available concerning the effectiveness of latex condoms in reducing the likelihood of genital HSV transmission. Recent studies have begun to show that condoms can be effective in reducing HSV-2 transmission risk and a new study (Wald, Langenberg, Krantz et al., 2005) provides further evidence of a protective effect.
Wald et al. (2005) analyzed the effect of condom use on HSV acquisition among 1843 visitors to STI clinics in the United States. Upon enrollment in the study, participants were evaluated 11 times over an 18 month period. The median age of participants was 27 years and 62% were white while 32% were African American. At each study visit, blood samples were collected for Western blot assay to assess HSV sero-status and information on sexual risk behaviour including consistency of condom use was obtained. For the analysis, the authors divided the study participants into 3 groups: those who used condoms 025% of the time for vaginal or anal intercourse, those who used condoms 25-75% of the time, and those who used condoms more than 75% of the time. All participants were HSV-2 sero-negative at enrollment.
Over the course of the study, 6.4% of the participants acquired HSV-2 infection. ...
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