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Normative education: putting the public servant in public service.
Abstract
Two distinct approaches to public service and public service education can be identified--the rational approach and the normative approach. This article advocates the use of the normative approach to education, which would focus on developing stewardship, honesty, integrity, democratic participation, social equity, and benevolence. Using the humanistic techniques of servant leadership, educators and professionals would role model these values through authentic communication, while recognizing the ethical implications of all their decisions and actions.
Introduction
A normative approach to public service education focuses on stewardship, honesty, integrity, social equity, and democratic participation in all aspects of administration. This approach encompasses the ideals of Frederickson's (Frederickson, 1996) new public administration, Denhardt and Denhardt's (2000) new public service, and the American Society of Public Administration's (ASPA) Code of Ethics. The public administrator, educated using this normative approach, becomes a servant leader (Greenleaf, 1980), who is motivated by a concern for the well-being of others, rather than by self-interest focused on personal gain.
In this paper two approaches to public service are identified--the rational and the normative approaches, and the components of the normative approach are developed. Second, the link between public service and servant leadership is established, and the need for normative education is made based on the work of Kohlberg (1981). Then we develop a normative paradigm of public service that utilizes the core beliefs of servant leadership, and we identify individual strategies to implement this paradigm shift in public service and public service education.
Rational Public Service
Two distinct approaches to public service can be identified, the rational and the normative approaches, based on the public sector motivational framework developed by Perry and Wise (1990). The rational approach to motivation is based on utility maximization with individuals oriented toward economic self-interest focusing on economic rewards (Perry, 1996; Perry and Wise, 1990).
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Source: HighBeam Research, Normative education: putting the public servant in public service.