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No Signs of a Halt to Population Decline.
(From Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry (JJTI))
The age of depopulation is on the horizon in Japan. The total fertility rate - the number of children born to each woman during her reproductive years - came to 1.29 in 2004, marking an all-time low for the fourth consecutive year, according to the demographic statistics of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The latest report attests to the fact that Japan's birthrate is falling at a faster-than-expected pace. The subsequent depopulation is expected to affect the very foundation of the nation's social security system, such as pension benefits, and medical and nursing care insurance - a factor that could lead to slack economic activity in the future.
The total fertility rate needs to be at least 2.08 if a nation is to keep its population unchanged. Japan's rate fell below 2.08 in 1974 and has remained below this level ever since - partly due to the rising trend of late marriages and having children later in life. Reflecting the popularization of higher education among women and their greater roles in society, the average age of the first marriage and first child for women have risen to 27.8 and 28.9, respectively. In addition, a greater number of women remain unmarried and bear no children during their lifetime.
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