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Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America, by Allen C. Guelzo (Simon & Schuster, 332 pp., $26)
THERE was a time when every schoolboy learned that Abraham Lincoln was the "Great Emancipator" who freed the slaves, and that the Emancipation Proclamation was a crucial step in that process. Many historians have called this traditional account into question, arguing that Lincoln was not really motivated by a commitment to end slavery; they cite as evidence a famous letter to Horace Greeley, in which Lincoln proclaimed, "My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and it is not either to save or destroy slavery." Many of Lincoln's ...