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In the early 1800s, it was commonly opined that "God stayed on his own side of the Missouri River." St. Louis was the last outpost of civilization, and west of that area was considered to be a wilderness of heathen savagery. This point was vividly driven home to Jedediah Smith and the other members of his shore trading party as they huddled behind a gruesome breastwork of dead and wounded horses. The Arikara Indian bullets and arrows were pouring down upon their exposed position on the sandbar.
Just two years before, in 1821. Jedediah had left his home in Ohio to seek his fortune farther west, heading for St. Louis with what he considered the bare necessities: ...