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Liderazgo politico femenino en el tercer mundo: una batalla por la transformacion.(III: Mujeres Rompiendo Barreras)

Revista de Ciencias Sociales

| January 01, 1999 | Delgado, Carmen | COPYRIGHT 1999 Universidad de Costa Rica. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)Copyright

RESUMEN

Este artículo presenta las vidas de cuatro líderes políticas femeninas cuyas características personales y estilo de liderazgo les convirtieron en grandes figuras en el ámbito local e internacional. Se trata de Rigoberta Menchú de Guatemala, Winnie Mandela de Africa del Sur, Hanan Mikhail-Ashrawi de los territorios Palestinos y Aung San Suu Kyi de Burma (Myanmar). El propósito general del artículo es presentar a la líder y sus experiencias de liderazgo, esto es, el papel que desempeñaron en el contexto socio-político de sus respectivos países, los factores que contribuyeron directa o indirectamente en su formación y desarrollo y, finalmente, el impacto que ellas han tenido en la historia y desenvolvimiento de sus países de origen.

SUMMARY

This article presents the life experiences of four women leaders whose personal characteristics and leadership style made them become local and even international figures. The women are Rigoberta Menchu from Guatemala, Winnie Mandela from South Africa, Hanan Mikhail-Ashrawi from the Palestine territories, and Aung San Suu Kyi from Burma (Myanmar). The main purpose of the article is to present their leadership experiences, that is, their role in the socio-political context of their countries, the factors contributing directly and indirectly en their development, and finally, their impact on the historical development of their countries of origin.

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El proceso de globalización en la segunda mitad del siglo XX ha dado origen a grandes transformaciones en el orden político, social y económico, afectando muy particularmente a lo que se conoce como el tercer mundo. Muchos de los países africanos, por ejemplo, han obtenido su independencia política recientemente. En América Latina, no pocas naciones siguen sufriendo los efectos de las últimas dictaduras locales luchando aún con poderes invasores que se han disfrazado como agencias de préstamo para el desarrollo, compañías transnacionales, o inversionistas. En medio de tal agitación, estos países tratan de organizarse de múltiples maneras de acuerdo con sus creencias, recursos y capacidad con el propósito de crear soluciones reales a necesidades reales.

La organización popular requiere siempre de la presencia y guía de un liderazgo efectivo, el cual surge con frecuencia en tiempos de grandes crisis. A través de la historia, tanto las mujeres como los hombres han probado ser líderes efectivos, variando tan solo en su estilo de liderazgo.

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