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Byline: SEAN HIGGINS
At age 13, Charles Sanders Peirce was reading the works of philosopher Immanuel Kant. At 16, he was sure he could improve on them.
In the minds of many scholars, he did -- and more.
Today he is recognized as the founder of the "pragmatic" school of philosophy. Karl Popper called him "one of the greatest philosophers of all time."
"In the extensiveness and originality of his contributions to mathematical logic, Peirce is almost without equal," according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
That recognition did not come easy for a man who challenged the conventional wisdom of his day. His ideas often seemed outlandish, and even mad. His peers often viewed him as an eccentric -- or worse.
Yet Peirce's ideas were adopted and expanded on by other famous philosophers such as Popper, William James and John Dewey. Those same ideas had a major impact on 20th century thought.