Plastics Engineering articles from November 2003

Plastics Engineering archives from November 2003

"Amplified" capabilities for polyolefins.(Materials)
November 1, 2003... A family of functionalized polyolefin products for specialty applications has been introduced by the Polyolefins and Elastomers Business Group of The Dow Chemical Co. Composed of ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate...

Sealing simplified.(Materials)(DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L.C.)
November 1, 2003... Combining cure-in-place (CIP) technology with a wider selection of elastomer seal materials beyond traditional CIP silicone or polyurethane, Vertex seal technology from DuPont Dow Elastomers robotically dispenses elastomer compound onto a...

Going with the semi-free flow.(Materials)
November 1, 2003... Dyneon reports that its semi-free-flowing modified PTFE (TFM X 1630) for compression molding combines the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the company's previously introduced TFM PTFE with improved processability, as compared...

Clarity? Tenacity? Look no further.(Materials)
November 1, 2003... Intended for coextrusion as a sealing layer, Borclear RB707CF polypropylene grade is said to deliver superior optical properties in combination with good processability (MFR of 1.8 g/10 min) and balance of stiffness and tenacity. The most...

On the edge.(Materials)(from Atoglas)
November 1, 2003... For eye-catching edge effects for visual display and point-of-purchase applications, Atoglas, of Atofina Chemicals, has introduced five pastel colors. The edge colors for the Plexiglas MC Edge-Color Acrylic Sheet Series and the Plexiglas...

Light and lighter.(Materials)(Zeon Chemicals L.P.)
November 1, 2003... Zeon Chemicals' Zeonor 1600 Series cyclo-olefin polymers (COPs) are being used in the manufacture of front headlight bezels for several models of automobiles. Reported to enable increased efficiency and cost savings for manufacturers, the...

Light my fountain.(Plastics Applications)(Wesco Fountains Inc.)(Chevron Phillips Chemical Company L.P.)
November 1, 2003... Used to illuminate landscapes and decorative fountains, the WBD-100 landscape floodlight from Wesco Fountains, Inc., of Nokomis, Fla., is said to meet all UL (Underwriters Laboratories) requirements while providing the mechanical impact...

Composite flow molding with Peek.(Plastics Applications)(Icotec AG )(Victrex USA Inc.)
November 1, 2003... Using Victrex PEEK polymer in its composite flow molding (CFM) process, Icotec AG of Attstatten, Switzerland, is able to produce consistently high-quality components, such as fasteners, that are capable of withstanding high load transfers...

Made in the shade.(Plastics Applications)(DuPont Engineering Polymers)(Hunter Douglas Inc.)
November 1, 2003... Gears made of DuPont Delrin acetal resin are at the core of Hunter Douglas's UltraGlide lifting system available on the company's Duette Honeycomb shades. Thanks to the low friction of Delrin, the gearbox affords "smooth, easy shade operation,"...

Le tour de TPV.(Plastics Applications)(thermoplastic vulcanizate)(Solvay Engineered Polymers)(Stromberg Carlson Products Inc.)
November 1, 2003... A grade of NexPrene thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) from Solvay Engineered Polymers plays a key role in both the function and the aesthetics of a new bicycle rack designed and built by Stromberg Carlson Products, Inc., of Traverse City, Mich....

A new spin on drug screening.(Plastics Applications)
November 1, 2003... Central to the new LabCD microfluidic platform from Tecan Group Ltd. (Mannedorf, Switzerland) is a CD-sized disc molded from Ticona's Topas cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) designed to perform 48 drug-screening assays simultaneously. Spinning the...

Facilities for feathered friends.(Plastics Applications)(Hiatt Manufacturing Inc.)(RTP Co.)
November 1, 2003... Hiatt Manufacturing Inc. of Winona, Minn., turned to the RTP Company for help in selecting a plastic compound for the design of a "more sophisticated and functional birdbath." An earlier model from Hiatt used an olefin saucer that snapped into...

Copolymer duo cleans up.(Plastics Applications)(Grohe)(BASF Aktiengesellschaft)
November 1, 2003... Two BASF plastics, Ultraform and Ultradur, have enabled Grohe of Hemer, Germany, to design a new range of hand showers that are said to ensure safety and promote hygiene. While Ultraform POM (polyoxymethylene copolymer) serves as part of...

Handy prosthetic can handle anything.(Plastics Applications)(from Bayer Polymers LLC)
November 1, 2003... TRS Inc., a Pittsburgh company dedicated to the design of body-powered prosthetic devices, has announced "new generation of prosthetic prehensors (hands)." Said to offer a "more realistic, user-friendly" prosthetic option, the Grip 3 features a...

Additives annual.
November 1, 2003... Demands for higher performance from plastics, enhanced aesthetics in packaging and consumer products, and improved processing and cost efficiencies continue driving new and innovative developments in additives. A broad range of colorants and...

Ampacet Corp.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Ampacet Corp. has unveiled its new line of colors with special effects based on research into consumer buying habits and color trends across numerous industries. The goal is to "reflect the inherent energy of color to move the consumer to...

Bayer Polymers.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Bayer Polymers has created Milena[TM] mix-and-match coloring technology for CDs and DVDs made of Makrolon[R] polycarbonate. Dye-based color concentrates from Clariant Masterbatches are metered directly into the feed throat of the molding...

Cabot Corp.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Cabot Corp. announced new carbon blacks for producing masterbatches and compounds for film, pipe, and electrostatic discharge (ESD) applications. Black Pearl 3030 and two other black pigments 4040 and 4060, offer variations in opacity,...

Clariant Corp.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Clariant Corp. Pigments & Additives Division has introduced a new pigment concept called DrizPearls[R], free-flowing, dust-free, pre-wetted pigments characterized by a strong affinity for the polymer to be colored. Advantages include optimal...

Eastman Chemical Company.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Eastman Chemical Company has developed Eastobrite[R] OB, an optical brightener for flexible PVC and high-density and low-density polyethylene applications, expanding Eastman's line of additives to meet most optical brightener needs in polymers....

Engelhard Corp.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Engelhard Corp. is offering a new non-heavy metal, weather-fast, and heat-stable orange pigment as a cost-effective alternative to molybdate orange in formulations where it is desirable to remove the heavy metal pigment while maintaining its...

Hubron Manufacturing.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Hubron Manufacturing has introduced two new black fiber-grade masterbatches. Loaded at 30% and 40% respectively, the new PP-based grades, PPFB 6175 and PPFB 6180, are said to possess excellent dispersion qualities, high opacity, and optimum UV...

Polymer Valley Chemicals.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Polymer Valley Chemicals recently launched a new line of carbon black silane-filler dry liquid concentrate pre-weighs to improve production efficiencies, reduce plant maintenance costs, and help eliminate possible health-related issues for...

PolyOne Performance Additives.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... PolyOne Performance Additives has expanded its Stan-Tone[R] family of color additives with the addition of the Stan-Tone EP product line for the elastomer and rubber markets. Based on EPDM binder, it is more compatible with various elastomer...

Shepherd Color Co.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Shepherd Color Co. has debuted Starlight silver-based special effect pigments based on its MicroMirror[TM] technology, which applies a silver coating on a glass flake substrate to produce brilliance and luster at loadings and concentrations...

Swada Colours.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Swada Colours is offering the new NPX-Series of fluorescent pigments for plastic concentrates and compounding. The company claims that the pigments, available in ten colors, provide brighter and cleaner colors with up to a 20% strength...

Teknor Color Company.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Teknor Color Company recently released a new series of PVC color concentrates for wire and cable applications that are designed to reduce manufacturing costs while meeting Munsell[R] and NEMA standards. The 16 concentrates cover the same range...

U.S. Aluminum.(Aesthetic Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... U.S. Aluminum recently released a series of aluminum pigments specifically designed to formulating late polychromatic metallics in the plastics industry. Metana II pigments provide a bright silver effect for consumer electronic housings,...

Crompton Corp.(Antioxidants)
November 1, 2003... Crompton Corp. has introduced Naugard 900, a patented antioxidant blend for long-term heat-aging and process stability with low-emissions and no blooming. It provides five times as much protection against polymer failure as conventional...

Cytex Industries.(Antioxidants)
November 1, 2003... Cytec Industries has released Cyanox XS4, combining a high-performance phenolic antioxidant with a hydrolytically stable phosphate. Sanctioned by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for use in polyolefins for indirect food contact...

Great Lakes Chemical Corp.(Antioxidants)
November 1, 2003... Great Lakes Chemical Corp. has begun producing a new grade of Anox[TM] 20 hindered phenolic antioxidant with a non-organotin catalyst. a primary antioxidant, Anox 20 is used to protect polyolefins, styrenics, engineering thermoplastics...

Ciba Specialty Chemicals.(Biocides & Antimicrobials)
November 1, 2003... Ciba Specialty Chemicals has announced the release of Ciba Irgaguard[R] F 3000, an organic fungicide that reportedly acts as a material preservative by protecting plastic items from deterioration resulting from fungal attack such as mold and...

ICO Polymers.(Biocides & Antimicrobials)
November 1, 2003... ICO Polymers has launched the MicroBlaster[TM] additive package for antibacterial protection. Available in select Icorene[R] grades, the product is an inorganic solution that inhibits the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast. The functional...

Sanitized AG.(Biocides & Antimicrobials)
November 1, 2003... Sanitized AG has developed a new antimicrobial to stop the buildup of microbes that can produce foul smells and stains on plastics. Sanitized[R] PL 21-60, for PVC and polyurethane, is said to offer a wider range of protection against mold,...

Techmer PM.(Biocides & Antimicrobials)
November 1, 2003... Techmer PM takes aim at rodents, rabbits, deer, and other animals that chew on plastics products with its foul-tasting PM 12211 E63 Repellent. The nontoxic modifier reportedly renders any polyolefin or other plastic so repulsive that one nibble...

Atofina Chemicals Additives Division.(Fillers, Reinforcements, and Impact Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Atofina Chemicals Additives Division is offering Clearstrength[TM] 303H, an MBS impact modifier for clear packaging and sheet applications where quick fusion, added impact strength, and blue fluorescence are desirable. It is said to exhibit...

PolyChem Alloy.(Fillers, Reinforcements, and Impact Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... PolyChem Alloy has introduced Abust[TM] and Mebust[TM] virgin impact modifiers for ultra-low-temperature applications of engineering resins PBT, PC, and nylons. The modifiers, with butadiene content in excess of 65% and no melting point, can be...

Rohm and Haas.(Fillers, Reinforcements, and Impact Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Rohm and Haas has developed Paraloid EXL-2314, an acrylic impact modifier designed to strengthen and toughen nylons, polyesters, and blends. The free-flowing white acrylic polymer powder is said to impart outstanding impact performance. Its...

Bayer Chemicals.(Flame Retardants)
November 1, 2003... Bayer Chemicals has developed Levagard, a new phosphorus-based flame retardant with DMPP that can be used at lower loadings than other FRs. Bayer test results show that the amount of DMPP required to impart B2 flame retardancy in PUR foam is...

Clariant Corp.(Flame Retardants)
November 1, 2003... Clariant Corp. recently released Exolit[R] OP 1311 non-halogen flame retardant. The metal phosphinate combines the high effectiveness of organophosphorus compounds with the positive properties of mineral FRs, says Clariant. The product is...

Great Lakes Chemical Corp.(Flame Retardants)
November 1, 2003... Great Lakes Chemical Corp. offers three flame retardants to meet the changing demands of the polyurethane foam market. Firemaster[R] 520 is a highly reactive, proprietary, bromine-containing diol for use with blowing agents in rigid...

Techmer PM.(Flame Retardants)
November 1, 2003... Techmer PM has developed PM-9368E12, a non-halogenated FR additive to provide a balance of fire security, processability, and cost for wire and cable producer without affecting dielectric properties. It achieves a minimum LOI (limiting oxygen...

Bergen International.(Foaming/Blowing Agents)
November 1, 2003... Bergen International is offering a new chemical foaming agent, Foamazol[TM] 62, specially formulated for use in injection molding applications where sink marks are a problem. In the molding of relatively high-shrink resins such as...

PolyChem Alloy.(Foaming/Blowing Agents)
November 1, 2003... PolyChem Alloy has produced a hydrocarbon blowing agent masterbatch using a proprietary process that encapsulates fine microspheres containing hydrocarbon gases into polyolefins. That eliminates the complexity associated with using the...

Milliken Chemical.(Nucleators)
November 1, 2003... Milliken Chemical has introduced Hyperform HPN-68, a new class of nucleating agent for polypropylene that is designed to promote faster solidification of PP in injection molding and extrusion for faster production speeds. The product, which...

Accurel Systems.(Process Aids)
November 1, 2003... Accurel Systems recently added Accurel[R] XP900, a microporous polyester carrier for the PET processing industry. Pellets can be loaded with up to 50 wt% of liquid, thermally sensitive, viscous, or pasty additives that cannot be processed by...

Atofina Chemical Additives Division.(Process Aids)
November 1, 2003... Atofina Chemical Additives Division has launched Plastistrength[TM] 530, an acrylic process aid for foamed and highly filled vinyl. Owing to its quick fusion and low viscosity, the product maximizes output while minimizing compound shearing,...

Cabot Corp.(Process Aids)
November 1, 2003... Cabot Corp. is offering Nanogel, an innovative class of hydrophobic silica aerogels that can be used as carriers, corrosion inhibitors, thickeners, and matting agents, and for rheology control, says Cabot. Produced in commercial volumes by a...

Crompton Corp.(Process Aids)
November 1, 2003... Crompton Corp. has developed a new solution that acts as an initiator for room-temperature cure of unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins. Hi-Point[R] 90 Blue organic peroxide is a pigmented, liquid solution of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide...

Dow Corning.(Process Aids)
November 1, 2003... Dow Corning offers a general-purpose antifoam emulsion, Dow Corning[R] DSP, for use as a process aid and a formulation aid that is compatible with most formulations. Designed to provide long-lasting defoaming effects and excellent dilution...

Dyneon LLC.(Process Aids)
November 1, 2003... Duneon LLC has added two new polymer processing additives to its line of specialty additives. Dynamar[TM] FX 9614X and Dynamar FX 5922X are free-flowing, granular concentrate forms of fluoropolymers engineered for use at very low levels to...

Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd.(Process Aids)
November 1, 2003... Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd. offers Metablen[R] A-3000, a processing aid for wood/polymer composites that is designed to improve the melt tension without sacrificing the inherent properties of the polymer. An acrylic-modified PTFE modifier for...

Akcros Chemicals America.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... Akcros Chemicals America, part of Akzo Nobel, has commercialized two new barium zinc-based, ultra-low-phenol-content, PVC heat stabilizer. Akcrostab BZ-4928, developed for general-purpose calendering applications, is said to offer very low odor...

BASF Corp.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... BASF Corp. announced that its Uvinul[R] 3030 UV stabilizer for plastics has been approved by the FDA for use in all plastic resins in the production of packaging, storage containers, and utensils that come into contact with food. Uvinul 3030,...

Ciba Specialty Chemicals.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... Ciba Specialty Chemicals is expanding its range of Shelfplus[TM] additives for plastic packaging with the launch of Ciba Shelfplus UV. Designed to protect package contents from UV light, extend shelf life, and show products off to their best...

Clariant Corp.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... Clariant Corp. has developed Nylostab[R] SEED, a multifunctional additive that combines light-stabilizing and antioxidant properties along with value as a processing aid, which is especially useful in fiber manufacture, says the company....

Crompton Corp.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... Crompton Corp. announced the Mark[R] Low-Phenol Series of mixed-metal stabilizers that reportedly eliminate or significantly lower the phenol content of vinyl products such as wall and floor coverings to improve indoor air quality. Offered in...

Cytec Industries.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... Cytec Industries has introduced Cyasorb THT 7001, a light stabilizer developed for the automotive market. It reportedly is thermally stable and offers excellent UV stabilization in polyolefins, especially TPOs, leaving no residue after molding...

Dover Chemical Corp.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... Dover Chemical Corp. has upgraded its PhosBooster[R] product line to provide environmentally friendly alternatives for flexible PVC formulations. The patent-pending zinc-enhanced phosphate-based stabilizers can completely eliminate toxic heavy...

Great Lakes Chemical Corp.(Stabilizer)
November 1, 2003... Great Lakes Chemical Corp. has launched Anox[TM] FiberPlus polymer stabilizer blends for process stabilization of polypropylene fibers. The product is designed to enable manufacturers of PP fiber grades to achieve good process stability and...

Accurel Systems.(Surface Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Accurel Systems has introduced Accurel[R] SF271, a special formulation for BOPP film production that provides improved antistatic and slip properties. Print and lamination films processed with SF271 are said to exhibit superior optical...

Ampacet Corp.(Surface Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Ampacet Corp. has designed a nonmigratory antistatic masterbatch to provide immediate and permanent antistat properties as part of the company's new Optimizing Process and Package Performance[TM] program for its film-packaging business. The...

Axel Plastics Research Laboratories.(Surface Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Axel Plastics Research Laboratories offers Xtend 825, a new high slip mold release for RTM molding, release of non-gel-coated parts, and difficult resins such as DCPD. A reactive resin solution, it cures to a densely crosslinked film said to...

OSi Specialties.(Surface Property Modifiers)(Crompton Corp.)
November 1, 2003... OSi unit of Crompton Corp. has Introduced Niax[R] silicone surfactant L-635, a high-efficiency patented product designed to provide greatly improved cell structure in flexible foam blown with liquid carbon dioxide. It is said to offer wide...

Techmer PM.(Surface Property Modifiers)
November 1, 2003... Techmer PM has announced an improved antifog additive for food wrap and agricultural applications PM 11119E4 has been enhanced to provide a better wetting function that eliminates the buildup of unsightly droplets by dispersing condensing...

Phoenix Plastics.("Tagger")
November 1, 2003... Phoenix Plastics reports it has developed a "unique analytical tag concentrate"--Cel-Span AT 2000--that allows a customer's product to be traced through the life of the fabricated article. The additive can be used to mark or "tag" virtually any...

Daploy Resin, as additive, acts as process modifier.(Annual Additives)(Transmit Technology Group L.L.C.)
November 1, 2003... New-technology development company Transmit Technology Group (TTG) has been testing Borealis Daploy[TM] WB130 HMS, a high-melt-strength polypropylene homopolymer from Borealis Polymers--using it as a process modifier in injection molding and...

Additives industry--companies.(Directory)
November 1, 2003... Accurel Systems, Membrana GmbH, Glanzstoffstrasse, D-63674 Obernburg, Germany; phone: (+49) 6022 812478; fax: (+49) 6022-812823 Acme-Hardesty, Co., 1787 Sentry Pkwy. West, Suite 18-460, Blue Bell, PA 19422; (800) 223-7054 or (215) 591-3610;...

Vertical machining centers for shops large and small.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(Makino)
November 1, 2003... Machine tool manufacturer Makino has introduced the S56 VMC (vertical machining center), which it says offers high-performance machining capabilities along with looked-for features and an economical price for both large and small die-and-mold...

Correction.
November 1, 2003... On page 41 of the September 2003 issue of Plastics Engineering, in the item titled "New Lease on Life for Feedscrews," the last sentence should read: "In the manufacture of a new feedscrew to be encapsulated with Extreme Coatings, a less...

Chilling out.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(from ACS Group)
November 1, 2003... The S Series central chillers from the Sterling Division of ACS Group feature rotational compression technology in models ranging from 30-ton to 195-ton capacity. With as many as 50% fewer moving parts than reciprocating compressors or...

Fine reduction.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(Kice Industries Inc.)
November 1, 2003... The problem of fines and "angel hair" in material undergoing injection molding is pervasive. As temperatures and pressures increase in the feed screw, unwanted fines tend to melt, then burn, producing black spots and blemishes in the final...

In-cavity cure monitoring for thermosets.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(Signature Control Systems)
November 1, 2003... SmartTrac, an in-cavity cure monitoring system for the thermoset molding process, has been introduced by Signature Control Systems. With a probe positioned on the mold cavity surface, the SmartTrac System measures the curing, or crosslinking,...

A "hole" lot better.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(Clinton Instrument Co.)
November 1, 2003... For the instant location of defects in plastic sheet film, and laminated fabrics on the production line, Clinton Instrument Co. has introduced the Model PDC-20 In-Line Pinhole Detector. The nondestructive system is said to be an economical...

Letting go.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(Huron Technologies Inc.)
November 1, 2003... Two release agents--EZR307 and FlexFoam 6947--have been introduced by Huron Technologies. Mold Release Agent EZR307 is said to eliminate adhesion problems associated with the production of rubber molded-in steel inserts. The new agent...

Correcting for distortion.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)
November 1, 2003... Raytek Corp., a supplier of noncontact temperature measurement tools, has developed new software for its TF 100 System for thermoforming that corrects for the distortion of the thermal images caused by nonlinear sheet movement on rotary and...

More manifolds.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(Brief Article)
November 1, 2003... Husky Injection Molding Systems has added three new manifold configurations to its Pronto line. According to the company, the designs offer moldmakers a simple way to achieve nonsymmetrical layouts, and increase the flexibility of eight-drop...

Lots of lubricants.(Plastics Machinery/Processing)(Petro-Canada )
November 1, 2003... Petro-Canada has introduced a line of lubricants for a variety of plastics-processing applications. The product line includes Hydrex hydraulic fluids, Calflo AF heat transfer fluid, Ultima gear oils, Precision greases, and a selection of...

SPE's Thermoforming 2003: commitment to manufacturing excellence.
November 1, 2003... SPE President Donna Davis welcomed more than 900 attendees to the 13th Annual Thermoforming Conference and Exhibition, sponsored by the SPE Thermoforming Division and held September 13-16 in Cincinnati, Ohio. "Commitment to Manufacturing...

Go with the flow.(Computer Hardware & Software)(Algor Inc.)
November 1, 2003... Algor, Inc., announces that its fluid flow--analysis software now includes full CAD/CAE associativity supported by the capability to produce fast, hybrid (bricks on the model surface and tetrahedral inside) FEA (finite-element analysis) meshes...

Statistical software enables long-term analysis of data.(Computer Hardware & Software)(RJG Inc.)
November 1, 2003... RJG, Inc., has designed a statistical software package called InsightStats to work with process data collected by RJG's production and process control systems. The program allows for the long-term analysis of data, providing X Bar & R and...

Rhino evaluation.(Computer Hardware & Software)(Faro Technologies Inc.)(Robert McNeel and Associates Inc.)
November 1, 2003... Faro Technologies, Inc., has announced a new software option for its FaroArm portable CMM. Through a strategic arrangement with CAD program provider Robert McNeel & Associates, says Faro, every new Platinum and Titanium FaroArm will ship with a...

Visualization tool: if you can see it, you can reference it.(Computer Hardware & Software)(Brief Article)
November 1, 2003... Thomson ISI ResearchSoft has released RefViz, a new visualization tool for mining reference literature, which it has developed in collaboration with OmniViz, Inc. The desktop tool is said to provide a powerful, intuitive framework for exploring...

Process control simulator.(Computer Hardware & Software)(from Applied e-Simulators Software)
November 1, 2003... Applied e-Simulators Software has introduced its new Simimica CTL as a dynamic process simulator for steady-state and time-variable simulation of chemical and mineral processes. Applications include control-loop analysis, transfer function...