New Equipment Digest articles from April 2002

New Equipment Digest archives from April 2002

Access control affords daily authorization. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... Communication station programs electronic keys to allow access privileges at a remote location. Users of the CyberKey Remote Validator can receive entry authorization each day at the exterior of a facility by simply inserting their key into the...

Tough saw blade cuts most materials & work time. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... Universal tungsten carbide circular saw blade reportedly cuts through more materials than any single saw blade on the market. The blade avoids time-consuming blade changes by quickly and effectively cutting solid wood, wood veneer,...

Mask stops chemical, bio agents & radioactive dust. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... Series 54400 gas mask and filter canister protects workers in atmospheres containing chemical and biological agents and radioactive dust. Built to U.S. military standards, the mask uses all standard 40-mm threaded filter canisters. North...

Self-lubricating composite bearings tackle high loads. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... PolyLube MRP self-lubricating composite journal bearings incorporate advanced Teflon fiber technology that allows them to undergo high impact or impulse loading stress. The bearings withstand static loads of about 60,000 psi and 30,000 psi...

Putty forms permanent seal under water! (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... Underwater Repair Putty is a non-rusting, epoxy-based compound that penetrates moisture and forms a strong, permanent seal even under water. The easy-mix formulation repairs, patches, or rebuilds wet or submerged equipment. It forms strong...

Precision marking system avoids overspray & clogs. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... MicroMark precision spray marking system produces neat, consistent spots and stripes from 5 to 30 mm wide without overspray or clogging. Highly reliable and easy to maintain, MicroMark reduces skipped shots and downtime on automated and...

Valves furnish fine control of very low gas flows. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... VSO Low Flow Valves furnish enhanced control of gas flows below 600 sccm. The miniature solenoid-operated proportional vanes have an operating temperature range of 0 to 55 [degrees] C and can be driven with dc current or PWM. Units offer...

Tactile sensors gage touch on curved surfaces. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... T-2000 tactile sensor system employs a conformable array of pressure sensors to quantify the sense of touch. The sensors easily bend and form to complex objects such as the human hand, tool handles, joystick controls, or feet. The...

Tiny rotary encoders are safe from EMI, power loss. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... Compact absolute single-turn and multi-turn rotary encoders for automation and material handling tasks enable servomotors with axis heights as small as 20 mm to be equipped with absolute encoders. The EQN 1125 multi-turn rotary encoder uses a...

Fluorescent spray paints dry in 15 min. (Hot Product News Industry Insider).
April 1, 2002... Krylon Industrial Tough Coat I.D. fluorescent paints provide ultra-high visibility for labeling, coding, and marking of steel substrates. The production-speed drying paints are ready for touch in just 15 min. Bright, vibrant colors ensure...

Ethernet-capable interface/single-board computer. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... MiniCom OP 6800 is a C-programmable operator interface/SBC offering 24 rugged digital I/O; graphic, re-legendable LCD/keypad; and optional Ethernet connectivity. Compact unit is ideal in tight spaces and meets NEMA 4 standards when...

Adjustable locking cable protects outdoor equipment. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Python cable lock boasts a unique locking cam in a cinch-locking body that provides infinite locking positions along the the attached 6-ft cable. Vinyl-coated braided steel cable is 10mm in diameter. Body is corrosion-resistant aluminum. ...

All stainless steel speed reducers. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Complimenting an all stainless steel line of motors, these all stainless steel speed reducers are available through 5 hp in frame sizes 918, 921, and 926; with quill-type 56C, 140TC, and 180TC NEMA C-face inputs, and industry-standard mounting...

Cyanide water test kits. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Vacu-vials test kit K-3803 provides a fast, accurate, cost-effective method for monitoring cyanide in process waste water where online instrumentation is unavailable. Self-filling sealed vials eliminate the need to measure and mix chemicals....

Cart it with you! (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Easily attached to handles on any cart, SupplyCaddie provides six storage pockets to keep needed tools, etc., close at hand. Tough nylon and Velcro ensure durable service in tough environments. Paktek Inc., Tacoma, WA (800) 258-8458 ...

Why paint poles? (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Ultra-Post protectors reduce maintenance and improve appearance of indoor and outdoor bumper posts. Two sizes fit most posts. Safety yellow polyethylene protectors are UV-resistant for long life outdoors. UltraTech International, Inc.,...

Quickly convert your sensors for new functions. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Simply plug SmartPlug into a sensor or switch to add control functions such as timing, counting, output converting, and speed monitoring, without reprogramming your PLC! Turck Inc., Minneapolis, MN (800) 544-7769 NED 133 or...

Bored-to-size sprockets. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Literature highlights Accu-Torch sprockets and the benefits of their machine-chamfered teeth, high-carbon steel, and consistent weld quality. Martin Sprocket & Gear, Inc., Arlington, TX (817) 258-3000 NED 137 or...

Digital valve driver: boosts mobile hydraulics functionality. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... DVD-2 programmable Digital Valve Driver providers hydraulics designers with a wide range of options and equipment operators with improved control over hydraulic systems in the field. It is a PWM solenoid driver with modularized electronic PC...

Compact proximity sensors: offer short deadband, easy setup, more. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Superprox SM900 sensors offer two of the shortest deadbands in the industry for 30-mm ultrasonic proximity devices. The compact sensors are easily mounted and feature simple push-button teach setup configurability for on/off detection. To meet...

Metal stamping equipment. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Literature features a full line of equipment for metal stamping support, including roll feeds, straighteners, loop and tension controls, press cam switches, die protection devices, and custom machinery. Waddington...

Brushless pancake motors: 30-w continuous output, long-life. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Ball bearings and electronic commutation contribute to the long life of EC Series brushless pancake motors. Electronic commutation also minimizes electrical noise. The 1.7-in. diam motors are 0.6 in. long (not including shaft) and weigh 3.1 oz....

Perforated sorbent roll: tear off a wiper, mat, sock, or floor roll. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... MRO 555 perforated sorbent roll lets users take exactly as much as they need for wiping hands, cleaning large floor areas, etc. Combining a heavy, dimpled absorbent material with a light, strong, polypropylene bottom layer that prevents slips,...

Commercial roofing system: reflective surface extends roof life. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... EnviroGard reflective roof coating provides the roof membrane with an extra layer of protection in addition to highly reflective properties. A reflective roof surface reduces the building's energy demands while also cutting the amount of heat...

Acoustic machine monitor: detects, avoids equipment problems. (This Month's Top Of The News).
April 1, 2002... Monitor evaluates sounds produced by rotating, nonrotating, and process equipment to detect problems as they develop, before they result in equipment failure. Called the Acoustic Machinery Monitor, the device combines the analysis capabilities...

The delicate art of question-asking. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... What would happen if individuals and organizations never asked insightful, meaningful, and courageous questions? The answer is disaster--from collapsed careers to the total demise of business innovation and growth. This fresh, impassioned guide...

Reduce in-transit damage. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Brochure outlines how proper loading techniques and load securement products can reduce or eliminate damage of products shipped by truck, rail, or ship. Company offers a free assessment of your shipping methods. Damage Prevention Co. (877)...

Creative Web design. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Fresh Styles for Web Designers offers inspiration for designers who want to distinguish their work from the crowd. By introducing a wealth of techniques and styles, it teaches you how to dramatically revitalize your site. New Riders...

Solving workplace stress. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Book tackles the three most troublesome work issues: time. stress, and information management. It teaches you how to read, recall what you've read. and transform information into tools that you can use. AMACOM (800) 714-6395 NED 160 or...

Plastic Parts Design. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Whether you're a novice or seasoned plastic parts designer, this book will facilitate cost-effective design decisions and help ensure that plastic parts and products stand up under use. Hanser Gardner (800) 950-8977 NED 161 or...

Plastic & rubber materials. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Three reference books aid engineers, chemists, installation specialists, and others in the proper selection of plastics and elastomers. They list how materials react with various liquids, gases, dry materials, and atmospheres. NewAge...

Precision presses. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Brochure covers precision press technology (1/2 to 23 tons) for 9 common tasks. Applications and operational data for both manual and pneumatic presses are also covered. Mecco Marking Systems, Ingomar, PA (888) 369-9199...

Equipment safety sensors: non-contacting units mount easily. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Machine Safety Sensors include magnetic latches between the sensors and coded actuating magnet to provide both the easy mounting and high misalignment tolerance of non-contact sensors with the positive latching capability of mechanical latches....

Telecom transient protector: safeguards equipment on phone lines. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Critec UTB-T provides transient protection for industrial equipment that connects to telecommunication lines. Applications include modems in PLCs, supervisory control and data acquisition equipment, fire and security alarms, and industrial...

Bearing seals. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Selection guide offers sealing recommendations for roller and ball bearing products used under specific operating conditions. Rockwell Automation, Greenville, SC (864) 281-2171 NED 168 or www.thru.to/ned ...

Size 17 linear actuators: endure temperatures to 155 [degrees] C. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Size 17 hybrid linear actuators handle temperatures up to 155 [degrees] C, allowing operation with high ambient temperatures or increased current. They come in captive, non-captive, external linear, and linear rotary. Thermoplastics in the...

HID luminaires: light food handling, harsh environments. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... Vantage VK high-intensity discharge luminaries illuminate food and chemical processing facilities where particles in the air and frequent hosedowns are common. The gasketed, corrosion-resistant luminaires have smooth, rounded ballast housings...

Tube deburring with brushes. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Guide describes the typical tube deburring process using brushes, and explains the advantages of brush deburring over other methods. Weiler Corp., Cresco, PA (888) 600-5857 NED 170 or www.thru.to/ned ...

Polypropylene process vessels: high-strength, non-corroding. (NED's Tips For Improving Yourself).
April 1, 2002... A cost-effective alternative to stainless steel in a wide range of applications, these 100% polypropylene process vessels are non-corroding and deliver a wide range of features. The chemically inert polypropylene is highly stable, has a low...

Nylon cable ties fit nearly any application. (Send For Your Free Samples).
April 1, 2002... New line of nylon cable ties comes in a wide variety of types and sizes, such as heavy-duty ties with high tensile strength, weather-resist, am cable ties with UV resistance, mounting ties for securing to a surface, marker ties for...

Durable, soft grips. (Send For Your Free Samples).
April 1, 2002... High-density, closed-cell foam rubber grips, called Soffoam, are extruded in NPVC, EPDM, or CPE materials in diameters up to 2.5 in. and come in a vast array of colors with custom colors available. Non-slip exterior grip surface and shock...

2-function filtered modules save panel space, add safety. (Send For Your Free Samples).
April 1, 2002... Filtered modules use an IEC 60320 sheet C14 power inlet and a general-purpose filter to provide RFI suppression of line-to-line ground noise. Models come in 1, 3, 6, and 10-amp ratings. The current-carrying parts are not operator accessible...

Silicone products now in wide range of durometers. (Send For Your Free Samples).
April 1, 2002... Products available in this new silicone product line are coated, solid, sponge, foam, cured, uncured, and super-wide sheet. Products are also offered with pressure-sensitive adhesive. Durometers range from 5 to 80. Medical, FDA/UL-approved,...

Hose transfers abrasives. (Send For Your Free Samples).
April 1, 2002... UFD-AP hose features all-urethane construction with a smooth interior to prevent material entrapment and a reinforcing outer helix. The clear, all-plastic hose and ducting is lightweight and highly flexible for making tight turns in abrasive...

Expandable Teflon wrap. (Send For Your Free Samples).
April 1, 2002... Spirally cut Teflon wrap functions as an anti-chafe guard and a color-coding aid for high-pressure metal and other hoses. It applies like tape to provide protection and enhance hose visibility. Expandable wrap is chemically inert,...

Core plugs protect rolls of paper, film & foil. (Send For Your Free Samples).
April 1, 2002... PolyGuard core plug line includes nine styles of CP Series standard plugs, heavy-duty plugs, D Series double plugs, AP Series anchor plugs, and PD Series pad plugs in various diameters. Plugs protect paper, film, and foil rolls used in...

Machine vision sensor ensures quality of wrapped bushings. (Items of Interest: Case Histories).
April 1, 2002... Bushings made by Dana Glacier Vandervell Europe in Kilmarnock, Scotland are being inspected automatically by an In-Sight 2000 machine vision sensor from Cognex Corp. The sensor is easily configured using a hand-held console and requires no...

Brazing flux: safer for lungs, skin, nails.
April 1, 2002... No. 650 fluoride-free brazing flux is designed for use with cadmium-free silver alloy and gold alloy filler metals. It offers excellent brazing characteristics on copper, nickel, precious metal alloys, and select ferrous metals, and will not...

SCR power control manual.
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] SCR Power Theory Training Manual is an excellent tutorial guide to selecting and using SCR power controllers. Chromalox, Pittsburgh, PA (800) 443-2640 NED 189 or www.thru.to/ned [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

Manual toggle press: 1/2-ton unit crimps, rivets, forms, more.
April 1, 2002... Model 500 HP manual toggle press tackles light assembly and fabrication jobs such as crimping, riveting, forming, punching, blanking, inserting, and assembling. The 1/2-ton machine consists of a head that houses a precision ground square ram,...

Cable ties, bases & tools: ties in mounting & non-mounting styles.
April 1, 2002... Tie-Max cable management products include standard and weather-resistant ties for mounting and non-mounting applications. Mounting varieties offer tensile strength from 18 to 175 lb with cable lengths of 3.78 to 30 in. McGill, Skokie, IL...

Worm & bevel gear reducers.
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Catalog provides dimensional information and engineering data on Cobra, Raider, and PowerGear worm gear reducers and M Series spiral bevel gear reducers. Emerson Power Transmission, Maysville, KY (606) 564-2084 NED...

Punching machine: ideal for JIT production facilities.
April 1, 2002... Trumatic 2010 Rotation is an affordable, entry-level punching machine that features an advanced hydraulic punching head, all-tool rotation, quick setup and changeover features, brush tables, and a 50 x 50-in. working range. The machine allows...

Linear encoder: 100-mm stroke, high accuracy.
April 1, 2002... Linear encoder offers accuracy of better than 1[micro] and resolution of 0.05 micron over a full 100-mm stroke. Its digital output is easy to interface with PC, PLC, or compatible "plug-and-go" digital readouts. It is also compatible with...

Laser measurement instruments.
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Catalog covers NOVA, Orion, Laserstar, and AN Series displays, as well photodiode, thermal, pyroelectric, repetitive pulse, and OEM measurement heads. Ophir Optronics, Inc., Danvers, MA (800) 383-0814 NED 96 or...

Internal grinding machines: maintain 3.26 Cpk at [+ or -] 0.0001 in.
April 1, 2002... GS:I internal grinding machines offer a choice of capacities with 4 and 8-in. maximum ID models for aggressive grinding to 0.0001 in. with feedback resolution to 0.000004 in. Part Smart feature, included in custom form for user's manufacturing...

Sound-absorb panels: choice of colors, profiles.
April 1, 2002... Type FWP decorative, sound-absorbing panels provide a NRC of 0.75 for use in acoustically tuning and providing privacy in offices, conference rooms, lobbies, and other places where ease of communication is essential. Edge profile choices...

Inspection station: occupies a small footprint.
April 1, 2002... Observatory inspection station allows inspectors maximum freedom while occupying a minimum of workspace. The compact 2 x 2-ft footprint of the camera unit opens table space to be used by the subject. The 6 x 23-in. working distance is ideal for...

Cutoff system: inserts cover 0.087 to 0.378-in. range.
April 1, 2002... Slot Grip Cut-Off System combines the best features in cutoff blade technology and consists of holders, blades, and inserts. The system integrates all facets of cutoff technology into one comprehensive unit. Inserts are available in widths...

MicroHardness measuring system.
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Catalog highlights the features and advantages of FischerScope H100C measuring system with breakthrough technology for measuring microhardness and evaluating material properties. Fischer Technology, Inc., Windsor, CT (800)...

Mini precision solenoid valves: compatible with many chemicals.
April 1, 2002... Series 3 and 4 miniature solenoid valves employ high-end materials such as PEEK, PTFE and Ryton along with SST internal components and a variety of seal materials that make the valves compatible with a wide range of customer chemistries. The...

Keeping Current Free Catalogs & CDs.
April 1, 2002... Mezzanines & Rails FREE Brochure presents IPO Versa-Deck mezzanine systems and VersaGuard protective railings in many heights and lengths. Inplant Offices, Inc. (800) 356-3199 NED 223 [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Adhesives for...

Spill Kits: in high-visibility containers.
April 1, 2002... MRO Spill Kits feature polyethylene containers in bright lime green making them easy to locate, even in low light conditions. They contain a wide variety of socks, mats, and pillows that will absorb up to 61 gal of non-aggressive liquids. Kits...

Measurement Handbook.
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Measurement Handbook for Dynamic Force, Pressure & Acceleration provides a competitive edge for companies that design or are dependent on measurement systems for test or control applications. It explains in detail the factors...

Stainless Steel heater: warms wet, corrosive environments.
April 1, 2002... Stainless Steel DoorJet heater resists the wet, corrosive conditions found in car washes, outdoor loading docks and platforms, repair facilities, warehouses, or similar problem-areas. The heater is available with input ratings from 550,000 to...

Cleated belt conveyor: stabilizes loads from floor to floor.
April 1, 2002... Model FTFCB conveyor uses paired round rubber cleats, spaced on 60-in. centers, to ensure load stability the entire length of the conveyor. Cleats allow for a steeper incline without compromising stability of the load. Conveyor handles loads...

Assembly line equipment.
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Brochure introduces Glidepath system of assembly line feeders, indexers, and accumulators. Economical systems are primarily designed for the automated introduction of components for the automotive industry major assembly...

Intelligent I/O Controller: talks to multiple devices via Ethernet.
April 1, 2002... IOC-7007 high-performance I/O controller provides an intelligent answer to handling inputs and outputs. Device furnishes a 10/100 Base-T Ethernet port for communicating with multiple devices in an Ethernet network, which allows easy integration...

Thermometer/Transmitter: measures temperature up to 4,500 [degrees] F. (From The Front Cover).
April 1, 2002... Infrared fiberoptic thermometer/transmitter system measures temperature ranges up to 4,500 [degrees] F. It also provides dual analog outputs electrically isolated from the dc power supply input. The OS1590 unit features current, voltage,...

Magnet-base level: vial frames glow in the dark. (From The Front Cover).
April 1, 2002... Torpedo Level has a rare earth magnetic base, reportedly 5 times stronger than traditional strip magnets. Vials are framed with glow-in-the-dark material for easy viewing in dimly lit areas; no batteries are needed. Level is 9 in. long....

Rotary gripper fingers: reposition parts without regripping. (From The Front Cover).
April 1, 2002... Rotary fingers for grippers allow 0-180 deg part repositioning while the part is being gripped. In applications where parts must be accessed from multiple sides, this flexibility saves time and reduces cost by eliminating an additional regrip...

Ultrasonic system provides level information in minutes. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Ultra-wave continuous level system is easy to set up and calibrate with "quick-config," which can provide usable level information in minutes. System can monitor vessels of different shapes and heights with up to 16 transducers of various...

Belt fastener cuts splice time. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Alligator Ready Set Staple conveyor-belt fasteners reduce installation time by more than 20% compared to standard staple-attached, hinged-plate splicing in light/medium-duty material handling applications. Flexible Steel Lacing Co.,...

Vacuum lifter moves 55-gal drums & other heavy objects. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... The new 600-lb capacity model joins the line of Vacu-Move lifting devices. This vacuum-lift system is ideal for moving 55-gal drums and other heavy items. The Vacu-Move line consists of 12 models with capacities starting at 40 lb. TAWI...

Affordable, high-quality palletizing. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... With a small footprint and small price tag, the HL2000 high-level palletizer features speeds of up to 20 cases/min, soft product handling, and standard side retainers for load squaring. This basic yet rugged machine does not require the...

Chain-driven roll-to-roll accumulation conveyor. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... The 25-CREZD pallet handling conveyor combines the intelligence of the EZ-Logic Accumulation System with the efficiency of the EZ Drive System that eliminates many of the mechanical components. This unit is composed of accumulation zones...

Light & heavy-duty storage rack beams. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Invincible Storage rack beams are now offered in 2 1/2 and 3-in. heights for hand-loaded rack applications and in 6-in. beam for more demanding higher capacity storage requirements. Standard upright frames come in 6 to 24-ft heights and 36, 42,...

Electric lift trucks roll into view. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Versatile 3,000 to 6,000-lb cushion tire electric lift trucks can be tailored to customer's specific needs. Features include an energy-efficient hydraulic system and a transistorized drive controller with proportional regenerative braking and...

4-handle hand truck. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Use this truck to transport up to 500-lb loads, or remove its handles to move loads up and down stairs or over rough terrain. Size: 17 1/2 x 21 x 44 1/2 in. Vestil Mfg. Co., Angola, IN (800) 348-0868 NED 314 or www.thru.to/ned ...

Kingpinless-style casters. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Easy-swiveling Endurance Series kingpinless casters (right) are designed for 2 and 3-in. wide wheels for capacities to 3,000 lb. Super Endurance Series (left) is rated for loads up to 5,000 lb. Wheel choices range in size from 4 x 2 in. to 12 x...

Roll-out shelves: safety interlock equipped. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... To prevent tip-over from extended weight, roll-out shelf units automatically lock remaining shelves in when another is rolled out. With capacities from 500 to 40,000 lb per shelf, they are suitable for dies, molds, printing cylinders,...

Read, click & connect. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Now you can read, click, and connect instantly to request free info from all items in this issue. Simply go to: www.thru.to/ned sbush@penton.com

Mixing equipment. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... [FREE LITERATURE] Brochure describes DT top-entering mixers, detailing performance, features, and benefits. Modular design ensures configuration to each customer's application specifications. Chemineer, Inc., Dayton, OH (800) 643-0641 ...

Strap hoists/winches: no chain or cable problems. (Special Section: Material Handling).
April 1, 2002... Columbia hoists and winches use a strap instead of chain or wire rope to eliminate load rotation and spooling problems, and for easier handling, inspection, and installation. Units meet ANSI B30.5 standards and are adaptable to a wide range of...