Journal of Shellfish Research articles from December 2007

Journal of Shellfish Research archives from December 2007

In memoriam: John Hood Ryther 1922-2006.(In memoriam)
December 1, 2007... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In 1997 I had the distinct privilege of writing the nomination of John H. Ryther for Honored Life Member in the National Shellfisheries Association. During his research career John was a proverbial giant in the...

Why oyster restoration goals in the Chesapeake Bay are not and probably cannot be achieved.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Efforts to restore the native oyster in the Chesapeake Bay enjoy enormous public support and have consumed and continue to consume vast, some would argue unreasonable and unjustifiable, amounts of funding. Despite this support the...

Harmful algae pose additional challenges for oyster restoration: impacts of the harmful algae Karlodinium veneficum and Prorocentrum minimum on early life stages of the oysters Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea ariakensis.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) has been in decline along the eastern seaboard, and especially in Chesapeake Bay, for decades because of over-harvesting, disease and declines in water quality and suitable...

Causes underlying the historical decline in eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791) landings.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Landings of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) along the United States East Coast (mainly Rhode Island through South Carolina) increased to nearly 27 million bushels by 1890s, but they then declined by nearly 60% to 11.5 million...

Salinity and temperature tolerance of Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea glomerata during early ontogeny.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Recurrent larval and spat mortality (>80%) occurring in most Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, hatchery-runs since 1980 has prevented reliable commercial hatchery supply of spat and ultimately precluded the industry from...

A habitat suitability index model for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), a tool for restoration of the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT A tool in the form of a habitat suitability index model (HSI) for the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, was adapted to evaluate and compare the effects of alternative restoration plans in southwest Florida. A component of a large...

Comparison of growth rates between diploid DEBY eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica, Gmelin 1791), triploid eastern oysters, and triploid Suminoe oysters (C. ariakensis, Fugita 1913).(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Oyster size and morphology affect individual oyster physiology, reproductive biology, and habitat production as well as population ecological services and availability for commercial harvest. Options for oyster restoration and fishery...

Spatio-temporal changes in mortality, growth and condition of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Normandy (France).(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Summer mortalities have been observed in French shellfish areas (including Normandy) since 1994, but origin of this syndrome remains unclear and is suspected to be caused by a combination of several interacting extrinsic (biotic and...

The annual macroscopic growth pattern of the northern quahog [=hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria (L.)], in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The power of sclerochronology as a tool for interpreting the life history of aquatic organisms and the marine environment they inhabited lies in the occurrence of periodic and repeating structures within the skeletal parts of these...

Benthic predators and northern quahog (=hard clam) (Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus, 1758) populations.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Increased numbers of benthic predators, especially crabs, have been proposed as a factor contributing to the decline of hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus, 1758) in Great South Bay, NY. The long-term trend in benthic predators...

Habitat fragmentation influences survival and growth of transplanted northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria Linne) in Big Lagoon, Florida.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT To test the effects of habitat fragmentation per se on the survival and growth of the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria Linne), we stocked juvenile quahogs in 10 seagrass patches (Halodule wrightii Ascherson) ranging in size from...

Effects of coverage by benthic seaweed mats on (northern quahog = hard clam) Mercenaria mercenaria in a eutrophic estuary.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States in numerous areas where the water is shallow enough for light to reach the bottom, heavy spring-summer growth of drift seaweed (macroalgae) covers sessile benthic fauna for periods of...

Investigation of Perkinsus spp. in aquacultured hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from the Florida Gulf Coast.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Aquacultured hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Florida were examined for Perkinsus spp. using culture in Rays Fluid Thyioglycollate Medium (RFTM) and PCR. Clams were negative for P. marinus-specific PCR, but low-level infections...

Effect of predator netting on recruitment and growth of Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum) on soft substrate intertidal plots in British Columbia, Canada.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT This paper examines patterns of larval clam settlement on soft-bottom intertidal plots in British Columbia, Canada relative to predator netting (used in beach culture of clams) and adult populations. We studied four sites over two...

Weekly spat collection of sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, and undesirable species as a potential tool to predict an optimal deployment period of collectors.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT A study was conducted in the Iles de la Madeleine (Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada) to evaluate if it is possible to predict the optimal collector deployment period to reduce the abundance of undesirable species and maintain a high...

Annual shell growth increment formation in the deep water Patagonian scallop Zygochlamys patagonica.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The Patagonian scallop Zygochlamys patagonica occurs on the SW Atlantic shelf of South America between 36[degrees]S to 55[degrees]S in beds at depths around 100 m. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratio analysis in scallops from four...

Settlement of Pacific calico scallop larvae (Argopecten ventricosus, Sowerby II, 1842) on their predator, the black murex snail (Hexaplex nigritus, Philippi, 1845).(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT We examined settlement choices of Pacific calico scallop larvae (Argopecten ventricosus = circularis, Sowerby II, 1842) on eight substrates including live black murex snails (Hexaplex nigritus = Muricanthus nigritus, Philippi, 1845),...

Impacts of a cyanobacterium contaminating large-scale aquaculture feed cultures of Tetraselmis chui on survival and growth of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Large-scale, open, microalgal feed cultures for hatchery and nursery production of marine invertebrates inevitably becomes contaminated with various microbes that can affect productivity and usability of the harvested biomass. In the...

Seed production and growth of Modiolus capax Conrad (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in laboratory conditions.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The complete ontogeny and postlarval growth of Modiolus capax are described for the first time. Spawning was easily achieved by a gradual increase in water temperature (l[degrees]C/h) from 26[degrees]C to 31-32[degrees]C after exposing...

Relation between the concentration of Dinophysis acuminata and diarrheic shellfish poisoning toxins in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) during a toxic episode in the Limfjord (Denmark), 2006.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT For the first time since 1990 the Limfjord, which is the main Danish production area for mussels, was partly closed for a period of 14 wk during autumn 2006 because of presence of DSP toxins in blue mussels. The causative organism was...

Predicting the impacts of Carcinus maenas predation on cultivated Mytilus edulis beds.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Cultivated mussels may be subjected to heavy predation by several predators including the shore crab Carcinus maenas, and crab predation can result in substantial losses from commercial fisheries. In the present study methods were...

Modeling northern abalone, Haliotis kamtschatkana, population stock and recruitment in British Columbia.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The northern abalone, Haliotis kamtschatkana, fisheries in British Columbia (BC) were closed in 1990 because of substantial declines in the stock biomass. Abalone biomass has remained low since the fishery closure. We used abalone...

Mortality estimates of the intertidal purple snail Plicopurpura pansa in the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The intertidal purple snail Plicopurpura pansa was intensively exploited for "Tyrian Purple," leading to declining populations and prohibition by the Mexican government of commercial exploitation. A probable cause for the decline is...

Distribution of parasites and pathologies in sentinel bivalves: NOAA status and trends "Mussel Watch" Program.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The 1995-1998 histopathology data from NOAA's Mussel Watch Program were analyzed to: (1) document the occurrence of parasites and pathologies in sentinel bivalves during the 1995- 1998 time period, (2) describe and compare the...

Dreissena polymorpha and Conchophthirus acuminatus: what can we learn from host-commensal relationships.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Host specificity, extremely high prevalence and infection intensity, and easy sampling make the mantle-cavity ciliate Conchophthirus acuminatus a very convenient model to address numerous fundamental questions relating to symbiosis and...

Sumithrin immunotoxicity in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) upon experimental exposure.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT An unusual mortality event in the fall of 1999 was observed in Long Island Sound lobsters resulting in the reduction of up to 99% of lobster landings. The die-off corresponded in time with the application of pesticides for the control...

Reproduction of the blue lobster Panulirus inflatus (Bouvier, 1895) at "Bahia de Loreto" National Park, Gulf of California.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT The reproductive season and first-maturity size of the blue lobster Panulirus inflatus were determined at the "Bahia de Loreto" National Park, Gulf of California. Two hundred fifty-six females were analyzed, finding that the onset of...

Isoforms of Litopenaeus vannamei anti-lipopolysaccharide and its expression by bacterial challenge.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors have been described in arthropods, including penaeid shrimp. In this study, we characterize six antilipopolysaccharide-coding clones isolated from a cDNA library from L. vannamei hemocytes. Three...

Effect of food concentration on protein and carbohydrate production during larval development of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Changes in protein and carbohydrate content during larval development of Lytechinus variegatus were measured under two diet conditions, low concentration (600 algal cells [ml.sup.-1] [day.sup.-1]) and high concentration (6,000 algal...

Contributions to the International Marine Shrimp Environmental Genomics Initiative (IMSEGI): Monitoring Ecosystem, Animals and Public Health, 2000-2006.
December 1, 2007... PREFACE Worldwide, wild shrimp populations are seriously threatened by a variety of pressures, including habitat destruction, chemical and biological pollution, and gene depletion. These threats also jeopardize the continued success of...

The presence of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931) in the wild in Thailand.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931) was first introduced to Thailand for aquaculture in the late 1990s as an alternative to a native shrimp species, black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon, Fabricius, 1798). We...

Heavy metals in wild banana prawn (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888) from Chantaburi and Trat provinces, Thailand.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Concentrations of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in adult banana prawns (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888) were determined. Banana prawn samples were...

Characterization of 35 new microsatellite genetic markers for the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: their usefulness for studying genetic diversity of wild and cultured stocks, tracing pedigree in breeding programs, and linkage mapping.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT A large number of polymorphic genetic markers are needed to examine genetic variation in wild and cultured penaeid species, trace pedigrees, and apply marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. The objectives of this study are to...

Linkage mapping of developmentally expressed cDNAS containing AT-rich elements in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)--differential expression after challenge with Taura Syndrome virus (TSV).(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT To explore the possibility of finding interleukin-like gene(s) in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, we sought evidence for the presence of interleukin 1 (IL-1)-like genes, because the proteins encoded by these genes are evolutionarily...

Histological findings, cadmium bioaccumulation, and isolation of expressed sequence tags (ESTS) in cadmium-exposed, specific pathogen-free shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is an ubiquitous environmental pollutant of increasing worldwide concern. It has become one of the most hazardous heavy metals in aquatic environments and could threaten aquatic organisms, including marine shrimp. Shrimp...

Species and distribution of Penaeoid shrimps in Thailand.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT Species and distribution of Penaeoid shrimps in Thailand were studied in specimens of shrimp collected from fish markets and fishing ports of 23 provinces along the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea coast. Identification of species...

Characterization and mapping of expressed sequence tags isolated from a subtracted cDNA library of Litopenaeus vannamei injected with white spot syndrome virus.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT A large number of polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites are needed to develop a genetic map for shrimp. However, developing an SSR map is very time-consuming, expensive, and most SSRs are not specifically linked...

ShrimpMap: a low-density, microsatellite-based linkage map of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: identification of sex-linked markers in linkage group 4.(Report)
December 1, 2007... ABSTRACT A preliminary low-density linkage map (ShrimpMap) based solely on simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellite genetic markers was constructed for specific pathogen-free (SPF) shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, from the United States...