Journal of Shellfish Research articles from December 2005

Journal of Shellfish Research archives from December 2005

Spatial patterns in population dynamics of the scallop Psychrochlamys patagonica at the northern edge of its range.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Spatial patterns in the population dynamics of the scallop Psychrochlamys patagonica were analyzed in Uruguayan waters of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean between 35[degrees]50'S (northern edge of the species distribution) and...

Restoration of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians (Lamarck)) populations in Florida coastal waters: planting techniques and the growth, mortality and reproductive development of planted scallops.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Bay scallops (Argopecten irradians [Lamarck]) are a culturally and economically important component of Florida's nearshore marine community. However, many of the local populations that compose the hay scallop metapopulation in...

Force production during escape responses: sequential recruitment of the phasic and tonic portions of the adductor muscle in juvenile sea scallop, placopecten magellanicus (gmelin).
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Giant scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, respond to the presence of starfish predators with an escape response consisting of a series of rapid valve adductions that allow the scallop to jump or swim away from the predator. To evaluate...

Germ cell differentiation and sexual maturation of the hanging cultured female scallop Patinopecten yessoensis on the east coast of Korea.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Gonadosomatic index, germ cell differentiation, ovarian cycle and first sexual maturity in female Patinopecten yessoensis were studied by histologic and cytologic observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex,...

Prophylactic use of antibiotics in larval culture of Argopecten ventricosus (Sowerby, 1835).
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Chloramphenicol, erythromycin and furazolidone were used in larval culture of Argopecten ventricosus at 4 concentrations: 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/L to evaluate larval survival and prophylactic effect of these antibiotics. The use of...

Morphological and functional characterization of the hemocytes of the scallop, Chlamys farreri.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Light, transmission and scanning electron microscopical studies were carried out to characterize the hemocytes of the scallop Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston). Five types of hemocytes were recognized: type 1 small hyalinocytes (2.44...

Morphological identification of larval king scallops, Pecten maximus (L.) from natural plankton samples.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT For commercial development of a European scallop culture industry based on natural collection of seed, a method of predicting time and location of peak spatfalls is essential. Planktonic identification of scallop larvae using light...

Spawning of king scallops, Pecten maximus (L.) in Mulroy Bay and the relationship with spatfall intensity.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The major restriction to expansion of scallop culture and scallop fishery enhancement in Europe is a reliable source of scallop spat. In Ireland, production of spat from the natural settlement in Mulroy Bay has exhibited considerable...

Chromosomal mapping of 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Chromosomal location of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene was studied in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Metaphase chromosomes were obtained from early embryos, and the FISH...

Recreational boating activity and its impact on the recruitment and survival of the oyster Crassostrea virginica on intertidal reefs in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Along the east coast of central Florida in the Indian River Lagoon system, intense recreational boating activity occurs year-round, and intertidal reefs of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) with dead margins (mounds of...

Biochemical composition and its relationship with the gonadal index of the black oyster Hyotissa hyotis (linnaeus, 1758) at Espiritu Santo Gulf of California.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The monthly variation in the biochemical composition of the digestive gland, the adductor muscle and the gonad and its relationship with the gonadal index (GI) were studied during 2 years in a wild population of Hyotissa hyotis living...

Can selective breeding reduce the heavy metals content of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and are there trade-offs with growth or survival?
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Oyster producers in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States export large quantities of oysters to international markets. Proposed changes to international limits for heavy metals content in shellfish could drastically curtail...

Reproductive cycle of the rock oyster hyotissa hyotis (Linne, 1758) (Griphaeidae) at the La Ballena Island, Gulf of California, Mexico.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The reproductive cycle of Hyotissa hyotis at Isla La Ballena, Gulf of California, was studied from August 1995 to December 1996. The histologic analysis revealed that spawning in H. hyotis occurred as a continued phenomenon throughout...

Constraints to Crassostrea ariakensis aquaculture: season and method of culture strongly influence success of grow-out.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The proposed introduction of the nonnative Suminoe oyster Crassostrea ariakensis to the east coast of the United States to restore the wild oyster fishery and/or for commercial aquaculture is contingent on perceived benefits...

The role of oysters in habitat use of oyster reefs by resident fishes and decapod crustaceans.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT To assess the role of live oysters in providing habitat, community metrics of resident fishes and decapod crustaceans were compared among 3 habitat treatments: live oyster clusters; cleaned, articulated shell and sand bottom. Sampling...

A fluorometric technique for the in vitro measurement of growth and viability in quahog parasite unknown (QPX).
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Quahog parasite unknown (QPX) is a protistan parasite that causes significant mortalities among hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, in the northeastern United States and Canada. This pathogen has been successfully isolated from clams...

The susceptibility of young prespawning oysters, Ostrea edulis, to Bonamia ostreae.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Young prespawning oysters, Ostrea edulis, were held over 6 mo at two different Bonamia ostreae-endemic sites in Ireland, to determine to what extent they could become infected with this protozoan parasite. Prevalence and intensity of...

Effect of homogenate from different oyster species on Perkinsus marinus proliferation and subtilisin gene transcription.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The modulation of Perkinsus marinus proliferation and subtilisin gene transcription by host (oyster) tissue was examined. Perkinsus marinus cells were cultured for 4 weeks in media supplemented with extract from either one of four...

Apoptosis of the protozoan oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus in vivo and in vitro in the Chesapeake Bay and the Long Island Sound.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan pathogen of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, infects oysters at high prevalences along the east coast of the United States. P. marinus was previously reported to be frequently apoptotic among...

A note on a spawner--recruit relationship for a heavily exploited bivalve: the case of northern quahogs (hard clams), Mercenaria mercenaria in great south bay New York.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The Town of Islip, NY has collected a long-term data set (1977-2004) on northern quahog (hard clam), Mercenaria mercenaria, abundance. The data comprise approximately 350 duplicate 1 [m.sup.2] samples each year taken with a clam shell...

Effects of salinity on sand burrowing activity, feeding and growth of the clams Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum and Meretrix lusoria.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Meretrix lusoria are dominant clams in Japanese tidal flats. Juveniles and adults of these species were reared in the laboratory and the effects of salinity on their sand burrowing...

The evaluation of spray-dried microalgae in diets for juvenile Manila clam, Tapes philippinarum.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Replacement of live microalgal diets is a significant challenge in developing cost-effective and reliable production methods for bivalves. In this study, the results of growth experiments are reported with juvenile Manila clams, Tapes...

Spatio-temporal variations in density of different life stages of a brackish water clam Corbicula japonica in the Kiso estuaries, central Japan.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT: By frequent sampling from May 2001 to October 2002, we examined spatio-temporal variations in densities of different life stages (planktonic larvae, new settlers and small, large and commercial individuals) of Corbicula japonica in...

Development of a Saxidomus purpuratus (mollusca: bivalvia) egg-specific antibody for the quantification of eggs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT We developed a polyclonal antibody from egg proteins of the butter clam, Saxidomus purpuratus, to quantify eggs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SDS-PAGE showed that the egg protein was composed of several peptides...

Gametogenesis in the non-native green mussel, Perna viridis, and the native scorched mussel, Brachidontes exustus, in Tampa Bay, Florida.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Histologic examination of the normative green mussel, Perna viridis, and the native scorched mussel, Brachidontes exustus, at three locations in Tampa Bay, Florida, indicated that cycles of gametogenesis and spawning were similar...

Histopathology of Gymnophallus sp. sporocysts in the edible mytilid, Modiolus barbatus.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Infection of Gymnophallus sp. in the bearded horse mussel (Modiolus barbatus) was studied in samples collected during 1 year in the Mall Ston Bay (eastern Adriatic Sea). Mean prevalence of sporocyst was low (3.5%), which peaked in...

Allozyme identification of mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilus) on the pacific coast of South America.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The taxonomic identity of mussels in the southern hemisphere is still unclear, and the Mytilus that inhabit on the Pacific coast of South America has been considered by different authors as M. chilensis, M. edulis, M. edulis chilensis...

Molecular characterization of the Chilean blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis Hupe 1854) demonstrates evidence for the occurrence of Mytilus galloprovincialis in southern Chile.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The Chilean blue mussel formerly Mytilus chilensis Hupe 1854, have been recently subject to a taxonomic revision using electrophoretically generated genetic data concluding that mussels from South America should be included tentatively...

Heat shock induced metamorphosis of the queen conch, Strombus gigas: comparison with induction by algal associated cues.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Recent research indicates that abiotic environmental factors, including temperature, may be as important as chemical cues in controlling the induction of metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae. In this study, the effects of...

Gonad development and reproductive pattern of the fighting conch Strombus pugilis (linee, 1758) (gastropoda, prosobranchia) from Campeche, Mexico.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The processes of gonad development through a year are analyzed for Strombus pugilis from Seybaplaya, Campeche. During gametogenesis second order oocytes appear close to the wall of the follicles, with a diameter 90-250 [micro]m. The...

Exploitation of the volute snail Zidona dufresnei in Argentine waters, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Zidona dufresnei (fine snail) is a common gastropod species in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, which has been exported to Asian countries for human consumption since 1988. Landings of Z. dufresnei increased from 1974 to a maximum...

The effect of egg quality on larval period and postlarval survival of an abalone Haliotis discus hannai.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The effect of egg quality on larval period and postlarval survival was investigated for the abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Broodstock were conditioned for spawning at different effective accumulative temperatures (EAT) and the...

Telomere analysis of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was used for elucidating the telomeric sequence and its chromosomal location in the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The vertebrate telomere PNA (peptide nucleic acid) probe,...

Karyotype analysis and chromosomal localization by fish of ribosomal DNA, telomeric [(TTAGGG).sub.N] and [(GATA).sub.N] repeats in Haliotis fulgens and H. corrugata (archeogastropoda: haliotidae).
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The chromosomes of the blue abalone Haliotis fulgens and the yellow abalone Haliotis corrugata were analyzed by means of DAPI staining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S-5.8S-28S rDNA, telomeric [(TTAGGG).sub.n] and...

Analysis of chromosomal DNA content in pacific red abalone Haliotis rufescens by fluorescence image analysis.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The fluorescence fading and chromosome imaging method were used together to analyze chromosomal DNA contents (haploid set) in Pacific red abalone Haliotis rufescens (Archaeogastropoda: Haliotidae). The fluorescence intensity was...

Effects of macroalgal type and water temperature on macroalgal consumption rates of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor Reeve.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The Japanese abalone "tokobushi" (Haliotis diversicolor Reeve) supports a valuable fishery off Tanegashima Island, southern Japan. However, catches have been declining, probably caused by over harvesting and other factors....

Growth and energy utilization of juvenile pink abalone Haliotis corrugata fed diets containing different levels of protein and two starch:lipid ratios.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Juvenile pink abalone Haliotis corrugata (initial mean length = 10.7 [+ or -] 0.3 mm; initial mean weight = 0.15 g) were grown under laboratory conditions in an aerated flow-through seawater system at 21 [+ or -] 1[degrees]C. For 131...

Cryopreservation of black-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera, L.) spermatozoa: effects of cryoprotectants on spermatozoa motility.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Cryopreservation of sperm is seen as an important step in developing effective hatchery culture techniques for the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. As a preliminary investigation into cryopreservation of the gametes of...

Effects of rearing conditions on growth and survival in juvenile blacklip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (L.) in subtropical Japan.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Spat of blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (L.), recently have been found to suffer mass mortalities every autumn in farms in subtropical Japan. We investigated what rearing conditions improve growth and survival of the spat...

Digital image analysis of lipid and protein histochemical markers for measuring oocyte development and quality in pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856).
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT We applied quantitative histochemical techniques and digital image analysis to study seasonal cycles of use of lipid and protein reserves during vitellogenesis in the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica. Female gonad samples were...

The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Octopus tankahkeei.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Octopus tankahkeei is a new species of cephalopod found recently in the Southern China Sea. It belongs to the class Cephalopoda, Octopoda, Octopodidae and Genus Octopus. Its discovery has attracted much attention from the fisheries...

Fatty acid composition and utilization in developing eggs of some marine nudibranchs (mollusca: gastropoda: opistobranchia) from southwest Spain.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of whole egg masses was investigated in 4 marine nudibranchs collected from the southwest of Spain: Polycera aurantiomarginata, Polycera quadrilineata, Berghia columbina and Berghia verrucicornis. The four...

Effects of salinity fluctuation pattern on growth and energy budget of juvenile shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation pattern on the intermolt period and growth of Fenneropenaeus chinensis with initial body weight of 1.4510 [+ or -] 0.0040 g. The salinity of the control...

Effects of salinity and ph on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The effect of salinity and pH on the immune response of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was studied over a period of 12-15 days. The results indicate that salinities between 5[per thousand] to 30[per thousand] and pH of...

Use of metabolism to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of mercury on Farfantepaneus brasiliensis larvae (latreille 1817, crustacean).
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Penaeid shrimp are important resources for worldwide fisheries and aquaculture. In Brazil, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, is an important commercially exploited species and an ideal animal for studying the impairment caused by the...

Roe enhancement in sea urchin: effects of handling during harvest and transport on mortality and gonad growth in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT This study addresses effects of handling and air exposure during harvest and transport on mortality and gonad growth of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in a proceeding roe enhancement trial. Two experimental factors: (1) handling...

A multivariable approach for evaluating major impacts on water quality in Murrells and North Inlets, South Carolina.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Urbanization poses a particular threat to the coastal areas of the southeastern United States where uplands surrounding wetlands are still relatively undeveloped compared with other regions. Predictive models, which would correlate...

Addendum to: dioxin and heavy-metal contamination of shellfish and sediments in St. Louis Bay, Mississippi and adjacent marine waters.
December 1, 2005... ABSTRACT We published an article (Elston et al. 2005) in Volume 24 of the Journal of Shellfish Research demonstrating substantial contamination of St. Louis Bay, Mississippi with dioxins and heavy metals, including chromium, nickel and arsenic...