Journal of Shellfish Research articles from August 2005

Journal of Shellfish Research archives from August 2005

The reproductive cycle of the flame scallop, Ctenoides scaber (born 1778), from the lower Florida Keys and its relationship with environmental conditions.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The reproductive cycle, sex distribution, and gonadal characteristics of the flame scallop, Ctenoides scaber, formerly Lima scabra scabra (Born 1778), collected from Boca Chica Key, FL, were investigated over the 21-mo period from...

Salinity tolerance and resistance of the Pacific lion's paw scallop (Nodipecten subnodosus) and the relationships with species distribution and density in a coastal lagoon.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Salinity tolerance and resistance of the Pacific lion's paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus, using the median lethal concentration method (L[C.sub.50]) and a gradual change method were measured. We also attempted to demonstrate whether...

Settlement of Chlamys varia (l.) in the hatchery.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The employment of different types of spat collectors and their orientation were investigated, as well as the effect of light and depth on larval settlement, with the aim of optimizing hatchery production of C. varia spat. Competent...

Histological study of gonads in triploid scallops, Argopecten purpuratus.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT It is expected that in triploid organisms the energy normally used for reproduction would be allocated to growth. However, not all triploid molluscs are completely sterile, and in some cases even gametes are produced. The aim of this...

A simple transport procedure for juvenile calico scallops, Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758).
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT A simple procedure for transporting live calico scallop, Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758), juveniles for grow-out culture is described. The effects of 4 simulated transport periods (9, 16, 20 and 24 h), and subsequent recovery were...

Veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) range extensions in the Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay, USA.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Three recent range extensions for the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) population are described. These extensions into Tangier Sound, the mid James River estuary, and to Cape Henry at the Bay mouth extend...

A model for decoupling emigration from mortality in recapture surveys of slow-moving benthic marine gastropods.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Decoupling emigration from mortality is critical for accurately estimating mortality in recapture surveys. However, open-population models often suffer from their inability to distinguish between these two parameters. A model is...

Field trials and simulations of point-nearest-neighbor distance methods for estimating abalone density.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT We investigated evidence for bias in estimates of abalone density from the point-nearest-neighbor (PNN) diver survey method wherein divers measure distances between abalone and from random points to nearest abalone. Field and...

Effect of monospecific and mixed benthic diatom cultures on the growth of red abalone postlarvae Haliotis rufescens (Swainson 1822).
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Benthic diatoms are the main food source for abalone postlarvae and juveniles. To feed abalone postlarvae, seawater is enriched with nutrients to increase natural microalgae populations. Another common method is to feed abalone with a...

The effects of sperm density and gamete contact time on the fertilization success of blacklip (Haliotis rubra; Leach, 1814) and greenlip (H. Laevigata; Donovan, 1808) abalone.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT A factorial experiment, in which blacklip (Haliotis rubra; Leach, 1814) and greenlip abalone eggs (H. laevigata; Donovan, 1808) were exposed to a range of conspecific sperm densities (ca. [10.sup.4]-[10.sup.7] sperm [mL.sup.-1]) for...

Cryopreservation of sperm of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens).
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Abalone culture, a developing industry in Baja California, Mexico, would benefit from genetic improvement and controlled breeding. The use of cryopreserved sperm would allow germplasm availability, and this study was designed to...

Biological and chemical properties of the secretion from the hypobranchial gland of the purple snail Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853).
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The hypobranchial gland of the muricid Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853) is so active that the snails can be stimulated periodically without harming them to expulse the secretion. This property is a great advantage in the study about...

The case for sequencing the Pacific oyster genome.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT An international community of biologists presents the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas as a candidate for genome sequencing. This oyster has global distribution and for the past several years the highest annual production of any...

Naturalized populations of oysters, Crassostrea gigas along the South African coast: distribution, abundance and population structure.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas forms the mainstay of the South African oyster farming industry. Despite having been cultured along the South African coast for 30 years, this is the first record of naturalized populations of this...

Effects of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons on hemocyte characteristics of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT To investigate the effect of varying concentrations of PAHs and laboratory holding on hemocyte characteristics, Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to varying concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for 40 days....

Seasonal variations on the biochemical composition and lipid classes of the gonadal and storage tissues of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1794) in relation to the gametogenic cycle.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Variations in biochemical composition and lipid classes in relations to the gametogenic cycle were studied in digestive gland, labial palps and gonad in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas from the Western Atlantic coast of France...

Fisherman choice and incidental catch: size frequency of oyster landings in the New Jersey oyster fishery.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT We randomly sampled the landings of oyster boats fishing on the New Jersey oyster beds of Delaware Bay during the 2004 fishing season (April to mid November) to determine (a) the viability of a simple conversion between the...

Characterization of phenoloxidase from Crassostrea virginica hemocytes and the effect of Perkinsus marinus on phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of Crassostrea virginica and Geukensia demissa.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The enzyme phenoloxidase is believed to be a component of internal defense in invertebrates. We detected phenoloxidase activity in the membrane fraction of hemocytes from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The activity is...

A comparison of the effectiveness of sandstone and limestone as cultch for oysters, Crassostrea virginica.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Field studies were conducted to compare quartzitic sandstone to siliceous limestone in its ability to collect oyster spat, and to determine if sandstone is a suitable cultch for oysters. Thirty bags of sandstone and 30 bags of...

Immunomodulation of Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea virginica cellular defense mechanisms by Perkinsus marinus.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The eastern oyster is an economically and ecologically important species whose vitality is threatened by the protozoal parasite Perkinsus marinus. To better understand which cellular defense mechanisms impart resistance to P. marinus,...

Consumer rating of the Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis, during home cooking.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis, is currently under consideration for introduction to the Chesapeake Bay for aquaculture and to restore lost fishery resources once provided by the native Eastern oyster. To assess the...

Intrapopulational variation in Vibrio vulnificus levels in Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1971) is associated with the host size but not with disease status or developmental stability.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is an important human pathogen, which occurs naturally in estuarine waters and in large numbers in oysters. The levels of V. vulnificus in shellfish vary greatly, and the causes of this variation are not well...

Northern quahog (hard clam) Mercenaria mercenaria abundance and habitat use in Chesapeake Bay.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Recent (2001-2002) surveys of hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria density and distribution, using patent tongs in a stratified random design (n = 7,358 stations) in lower Chesapeake Bay are not consistent with historic descriptions of clam...

Evidence of recent recruitment in the ocean quahog Arctica islandica in the Mid-Atlantic Bight.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT We report results of a survey explicitly focused on ocean quahog recruitment in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The recruitment survey resampled all NMFS survey sites south of Hudson Canyon and a selection of sites north and east of Hudson...

Particular aspects of gonadal cycle and seasonal distribution of gametogenic stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis cultured in the Estuary of Vigo.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The Mytilus gonadal cycle in Vigo Estuary follows the histological pattern proposed by Lubet (1957, 1959). We show details not previously described, due to sexual differences, environmental characteristics and high periodicity...

Estimation of total gut contents in bivalves from two stage sampling.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Considering that the analysis of total gut contents in large sized bivalve species is extremely time-consuming, the aim of the present study is to give a statistically tested methodology that permits quantitative assessment of gut...

Distribution of Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus on the Gaspe Coast in relation to spatial scale.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus are the two molluscan species co-occurring along the Gaspe coast, eastern Canada. Few studies examine the effects of environmental factors (temperature, salinity, tidal height and wave action) on the...

History of spread and current distribution of Corbicula fluminea (Muller) in Texas.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT A database containing 1,234 records of Corbicula fluminea in Texas was created based on published literature accounts, survey reports by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, unpublished records from university and museum collections,...

Spatial distribution of velichoncha larvae (Bivalvia) identified by SSNM-PCR.(singe step nested multiplex PCR)
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Bivalve veligers are difficult to identify morphologically, and when it comes to strait hinge (~90 [micro]m) or small velichoncha veligers (>90-300 [micro]m) it is practically impossible. However, the use of new molecular based methods...

A simple technique for physical marking of larvae of marine bivalves.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The identification of effective, nontoxic means for physically marking and tracking marine invertebrate larvae is a necessary step towards meeting a major goal of modem marine population biology, the direct measurement of larval...

Quarantine of Aeromonas salmonicida-harboring ebonyshell mussels (Fusconaia ebena) prevents transmission of the pathogen to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Furunculosis, caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida, was artificially induced in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in an experimental tank. Ebonyshells (Fusconaia ebena) were placed to cohabit with these fish to acquire the...

Predation potential of the invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas) and other common predators on commercial bivalve species found on Prince Edward Island.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The prey and size-class preferences of four marine epibenthic predators was examined in a laboratory study by determining the mortality rates of four commercial bivalve species in 4-d trials where predators were present or absent....

The circatidal rhythm in vertical swimming of female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, during their spawning migration: a reconsideration.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Ovigerous blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, undergo ebb-tide transport (ETT) during the spawning migration from estuaries to coastal areas where they release larvae. An initial field study found that only females with mature...

Patterns of larval release by the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (De Haan): periodicity at diel and tidal frequencies.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, is an invasive species along the Atlantic coast of North America. It has spread rapidly since its discovery in the USA in 1988 and has become the dominant crab species in rocky intertidal...

Reproductive output of the blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in the Gulf of California coast at Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinalao, Mexico.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT The reproductive period of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris off the Gulf of California coast of Sonora and Sinaloa in Mexico has been determined with the percentage of mature females as index. The objective is to determine the...

Life history of the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa Say, in a southern Gulf of St. Lawrence estuary.
August 1, 2005... ABSTRACT Body size, sex ratio and timing of reproduction of the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa Say (1818), and the distribution of larvae and adults with respect to temperature and salinity, were studied in the estuary of the Kouchibouguac...