Journal of Shellfish Research articles from April 2008

Journal of Shellfish Research archives from April 2008

Honored life member: George R. Abbe.(Biography)
April 1, 2008... [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] George R. Abbe was born in 1943 in Media, Pennsylvania, a small town a few miles west of Philadelphia, but grew up in Swarthmore, PA where he graduated from high school. He received a B.S. in biology from Ursinus...

Inoculation experiments to understand mass mortalities in sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT In 1993, sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, populations from the Jacques Cartier Bay on the North Shore of the Gulf of St-Lawrence of Canada, experienced masse mortality episodes with mortality rates reaching 80%. Both natural beds...

Settlement behavior of black scallop larvae (Chlamys varia, L.) in response to GABA, epinephrine and IBMX.(gamma aminobutyric acid, 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine)(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Competent larvae of the black scallop Chlamys varia (L.) were treated with the neurotransmitter gamma-amino-n- butyric acid (GABA), the catecholamine epinephrine, and 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IBMX), at different concentrations and...

Size-selectivity of the Northwest Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT A size-selectivity curve was constructed to characterize the performance of the New Bedford style Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus, Gmelin 1791) dredge when it is configured to meet the requirements of Amendment # 10 to...

Primary settlement substrate of scallop, Zygochlamys patagonica (King and Broderip, 1832) (Mollusca: Pectinidae) in fishing grounds in the Argentine Sea.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT The Patagonian scallop (Zvgochlamys patagonica) fishery started in the Argentine Sea after exploratory cruises developed during 1995. Knowledge concerning the habitat requirements involved in the settlement processes of the target...

The reproductive cycle of the scallop Pecten sulcicostatus from the Southern Benguela upwelling system.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT The reproductive cycle of Pecten sulcicostatus is described as part of an investigation into the potential commercial culture of this species in South Africa. Scallops were collected monthly from False Bay, from August 2004 to October...

Reliability of abundance estimates of the propellerclam (Cyrtodaria siliqua) derived from their burrow openings: a case study from Banquereau, Eastern Canada.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT The accuracy and reliability of abundance estimates of the infaunal propellerclam, Cyrtodaria siliqua, derived from their burrow openings was tested over a three-year period after experimental hydraulic clam dredging. Abundances of C....

Karyotypes of diploid and triploid Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus).(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Northern quahogs (=hard clam; Mercenaria mercenaria) is a commercially important bivalve naturally distributed along the American Atlantic coast. Because the hard clam was first introduced into China as a candidate for aquaculture in...

Polymorphisms at three introns in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the grooved carpet-shell clam (R. decussatus).(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT We have designed a set of exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) PCR primers to amplify introns at the genes TBP and SRP54 in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the grooved carpet-shell clam (R. decussatus), and also one intron...

Chromosomal mapping of the major ribosomal RNA genes in the dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis Say).(ribonucleic acid)(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Chromosomal location of the major ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA) were studied in the dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis, Say) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH probes for the rRNA genes were made by polymerase chain...

The Kumamoto oyster Crassostrea sikamea is neither rare nor threatened by hybridization in the Northern Ariake sea, Japan.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT The status of the Kumamoto oyster Crassostrea sikamea in its native Japan is uncertain because of a lack of information about its abundance and distribution and a suggestion that C. sikamea and the Pacific oyster C. gigas hybridize in...

Parental relatedness and survival of Pacific oysters from a naturalized population.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Inbreeding has profound implications in fields ranging from evolutionary biology to medicine. Most cultured aquatic species are only partially domesticated and highly fecund and are, therefore, expected to have higher genetic load and...

Cover and colonization of commercial oyster (Crassostrea gigas) shells by fouling organisms in San Quintin Bay, Mexico.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Fouling communities of commercial oyster crops in San Quintin Bay (Baja California, Mexico) were investigated to understand patterns of shell cover, species composition, and colonization. Historically dominated by soft sediment...

Spat collection of a non-native bivalve species (European oyster, Ostrea edulis) off the Eastern Canadian Coast.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT A European oyster population (Ostrea edulis) was recently discovered off the Eastern coast of Canada. The occurrence of this population led various aquaculture stakeholders to consider this species commercially. The aim of this study...

Ecophysiological and metabolic adaptations to sulphide exposure of the oyster Crassostrea gigas.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the response of the oyster Crassostrea gigas to sulphide at different biological scales. A first experiment was designed to measure for 20 h the clearance (CR) and oxygen consumption (OC) rates...

Antimicrobial peptides for use in oyster aquaculture: effect on pathogens, commensals, and eukaryotic expression systems.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of marine origin, tachyplesiu from the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, and pleurocidin-amide from the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, were tested for their potential...

Energy storage and allocation during reproduction of Pacific winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna at Bahia de la Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Seasonal variations in storage, partitioning, and allocation of energy reserves (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and triglycerides) between germinal and somatic tissues (gonad, digestive gland, mantle tissue, and adductor muscle),...

Functions of height and width dimensions in the intertidal mussel, Mytilus californianus.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT A mussel's shell records its history of growth. We investigated variability in the size and shape of mussel shells of Mytilus californianus Conrad (1837) to test the hypothesis that the mussel shell provides information on the...

Fertilization and embryonic development in the basket cockle, Clinocardium nuttallii.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Sperm motility, fertilization, and embryonic development were investigated in the hermaphroditic basket cockle, Clinocardium nuttallii. Motility of the sperm was more prolonged over a 2-h storage period at 4[degrees]C than at...

Broodstock conditioning in the basket cockle, Clinocardium nuttalii.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Factors affecting broodstock conditioning in the hermaphroditic basket cockle, Clinocardium nuttallii, were examined in laboratory experiments. Although a 13-wk experiment conducted at 16[degrees]C failed to bring C. nuttallii...

Seasonal variations in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the cockle Fulvia mutica (Reeve) from the eastern coast of China.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Seasonal variations in condition index and biochemical composition of the cockle Fulvia mutica (Reeve) were studied from March 2004 to February 2005 in eastern coast of China in relation to reproductive cycle. The condition index...

Stimulation of Interleukin-4 production in EL4 T cells via increased NF-at binding activity by Scapharca broughtonii.(nuclear factor)(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays an important role in several areas of T-cell biology, including the development of Th2 responses and blocking Th1 effector mechanisms mediated by gamma interferon (IFN-[gamma]), such as inducible nitric oxide...

Volutid snails as an alternative resource for artisanal fisheries in northern patagonic gulfs: availability and first suggestions for diving catches.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Volutid snails have been identified as a potential resource for artisanal fisheries in northern patagonic gulfs. We explored their availability in two gulfs of Chubut Province (Patagonia, Argentina) by means of SCUBA diving and baited...

Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Knobbed whelk, Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791), age and growth were estimated using tagged and recaptured individuals (n = 396) from areas off South Carolina coastal islands. Recaptured whelks were at large an average of 298 d (4-2,640...

Biological characteristics of a newly established green crab (Carcinus maenas) population in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Various biological characteristics of the exotic green crab (Carcinus maenas) were studied in 2000 and 2001 to describe its population structure and reproductive strategy off the coast of Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. This...

Microecological impacts of global warming on crustaceans--temperature induced shifts in the release of larvae from American lobster, Homarus americanus, females.(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT As ocean temperatures increase, crustaceans become subjected to more immediate, microecological impacts because of their exothermically-driven growth and development. In this laboratory-based study, ovigerous American lobster (Homarus...

A high through-put protocol for quantifying nucleic acids in individual microcrustaceans using new generation RNA and DNA specific dyes.(ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid)(Report)
April 1, 2008... ABSTRACT Quantifying growth rate in microcrustacea is important to plankton biologists when determining primary productivity. RNA:DNA ratios have been widely used as an indicator of instantaneous growth rate in microcrustaceans in nutritional...