Microwave Journal articles from March 1999

Microwave Journal archives from March 1999

Noise figure measurement: corrections related to match and gain.
March 1, 1999... In the direct calculation of noise figure there are a number of sources for error. Items such as environmental contamination, spurious discrete signals within the measurement system, connector contact and other organic issues will be ignored...

Spiral inductor substrate loss modeling in silicon RFICs.(radio frequency integrated circuits)
March 1, 1999... Spiral inductors are finding increasing application in RFICs operating at cellular; PCS; and industrial, scientific and medical (ISM)-band frequencies from 800 to 2400 MHz. Unfortunately, when constructed in standard, low cost, silicon IC...

Improvement of a Cassegrain antenna by secondary surface corrections.
March 1, 1999... Radio astronomical observations are very often characterized by the need to measure extremely weak radiation that must be separated from otherwise analogous radiation arriving from nearby areas of the sky. This need can be satisfied by the use...

Miniaturized low cost 30 GHz monolithic balanced BPSK and vector modulators.(part 1)
March 1, 1999... Over the past decade, monolithic circuits have been increasingly used in telecommunication systems where they are employed in transceivers for satellite and digital microwave radio communications. The monolithic technology offers many...

Radiated emissions measurements using an EMI receiver.(includes related article on EMI detectors)(electromagnetic interference)
March 1, 1999... Electronic products designed for global markets must meet both national and international standards for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Measurements based on these standards fall into two basic categories of electromagnetic (EM) testing:...

A sub 1 ohm load-pull quarter-wave prematching network based on a two-tier TRL calibration.(thru-reflect-line)
March 1, 1999... RF power amplifiers deployed with first-generation cellular base stations were based on cavity combiners and class C-operated silicon bipolar junction transistors for final-stage devices. Up to 10 independent carriers, each constituting one...

Network analyzer calibration for measurements near waveguide cutoff frequency.
March 1, 1999... Calibration plays an important role in determining the accuracy of the automatic network analyzer (ANA) when it is used to measure scattering coefficients [S.sub.ij] of microwave devices. In fact, as Rytting has additionally highlighted, these...

Vector-corrected power sensor calibration.
March 1, 1999... Power sensor calibrations involve the transfer of the calibration factor or effective efficiency of a traceable power reference standard to the sensor being calibrated. This task is accomplished by using the power reference standard to...

Measurement of a small signal near a large signal using a spectrum analyzer.
March 1, 1999... A number of factors are involved in determining whether a small signal can be measured in the presence of a larger signal using a spectrum analyzer. The type of signal involved has a significant impact. For example, the measurement results for...

A fast switching, low noise, indirect synthesizer.
March 1, 1999... The dilemma faced by automatic test equipment suppliers in the test of multifunction ICs for the wireless industry is that they require the spectral purity of indirect synthesizers for LO and stimulus signals. At the same time, switching speeds...

A radio channel simulator for W-CDMA applications.
March 1, 1999... New requirements for radio channel simulation originate from at least three separate sources. First, the user environment of wireless systems has changed to include such demanding propagation cases as offices, factories, metropolitan areas,...

Single-carrier power amplifiers for GSM applications.
March 1, 1999... As the sophistication of GSM has evolved, the demands for ever-increasing data rates have imposed new design challenges for high power, single-channel amplifiers. In order for a power amplifier to meet the stringent requirements of the GSM...

High power coaxial remote terminations with ultra-low SWR performance.
March 1, 1999... Terminations are present in RF and microwave systems to absorb unwanted signals that otherwise may cause distortion products or component instabilities or damage. Historically, high power terminations were large planar resistors that exhibited...