The Scientist articles from February 2002

The Scientist archives from February 2002

Always wear a helmet: skull-tapping research lends support to traumatic Alzheimer origin. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... New evidence points to brain trauma as an environmental risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD). Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have shown that multiple, mild head injuries accelerate [beta]-amyloid plaque...

A penny for the professor: the British lecturers' union wants the government to spend 675 million [pounds sterling] to boost salaries. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... UK academics get paid peanuts in comparison with their contemporaries in North America, Europe, and Australia, according to a recent study by NATFHE--The University & College Lecturers' Union. UK academics earned 21,800 [pounds sterling] in...

It's a matter of integrins: mixed signals emerge from these blood vessel growth coordinators. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Contradicting expectation and previous work, the absence of integrins has been shown to foster tumorogenesis. (L.E. Reynolds et al., "Enhanced pathological angiogenesis in mice lacking [beta.sub.3] integrin or [beta.sub.3] and [beta.sub.5]...

The Philadelphia-French connection: business incubator joins forces with the French to create new labs and hire new scientists. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... French-American Technology Development Initiative has chosen the Port of Technology, a Philadelphia-based life science business incubator, to ease the entry of French companies into the United States. "By definition, the sheer size of the US...

Polygraphs could be history -- honest: thermal imaging may help flush out the liars. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Using high definition thermal imaging to capture a facial reflection could obviate the polygraph and maybe aid in homeland security. When people lie, they often become startled or anxious and produce physiological effects, such as excessive...

Results that change the course of research: Harvard team's findings add to the stem cell debate. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Harvard Medical School researchers have apparently reversed type 1 diabetes disease in the pancreas by triggering existing adult stem cells into action. (S. Ryu et al., "Reversal of established autoimmune diabetes by restoration of endogenous...

Open Societies need open access. (Commentary).(Brief Article)(Editorial)
February 18, 2002... The Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) may not have quite the same historic import as the Theses of Martin Luther or the US Declaration of Independence, but it has the potential to shake up the world of academic publishing in a profound...

Literature forensics: Navigating through flotsam, jetsam, and lagan. (Opinion).(Editorial)
February 18, 2002... Intimidation and bewilderment are but two feelings scientists often confront when facing the ever-expanding published scientific literature. With the birth of any hypothesis, all fantasies of a one-way freeway for a scientific endeavor...

Citations and patents. (Letters).
February 18, 2002... Eugene Garfield's commentary, "Demand Citation Vigilance," (1) particularly the comment "the bibliographic neglect displayed by inventors and patent examiners," struck an all-too-familiar chord. In brief, my group's (which included my...

A lack of faith? (Letters).
February 18, 2002... Regarding the "disregard syndrome," (1) and various opinions expressed thereafter, there is a deliberate disregard for the scientific papers published from India (probably from other developing countries as well). I can quote numerous...

Hunters and gatherers. (Life Sentences).(Brief Article)(Editorial)
February 18, 2002... After a year's break as a columnist (erstwhile for Current Biology), I had decided to resume writing several months ago, but my natural tendency to procrastinate and the difficulty in choosing a title for the column have delayed me until now....

Race and the clinic: good science? Human genome findings practically erase race as a biological factor. (News)(Cover Story).(Cover Story)
February 18, 2002... Humans have long embraced the idea of grouping and naming people who have distinct, genetically determined physical characteristics, like almond-shaped eyes or different skin color. It made sense, from a social standpoint (think safety,...

The stem cell-cloning plot thickens: ethical challenges get cloudy with the entrance of parthenogenesis. (News).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Add this to the pot of stem cell sources creating a political stir: parthenogenesis, creating embryos from unfertilized eggs. Unlike the cloning issue, which has a defined division, the ethical question regarding parthenogenesis may have all...

Canadian researchers fret about funding: new agency's scope is broader than basic biomedical study. (News).
February 18, 2002... Melvin Silverman, professor of medicine at the University of Toronto, recently got a call from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The CIHR surveyor asked the scientist who would benefit from his studies of diabetes and membrane...

Advice fit for a President: new bioethics council faces tough challenges, harsh criticism. (News).
February 18, 2002... At the first meeting of the newly assembled President's Council on Bioethics (PCB), Jan. 17-18, members began their consideration of sensitive bioethical issues not with an analysis of the writings of a scientist, nor a bioethicist, nor a...

SealCam: pinniped paparazzi shoot fish: unexpected, new information surfaces from Antarctic dives. (News).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... With a little help from a group of Weddell seals, a team of marine scientists has uncovered new information about the two ecologically most important fish species living far beneath the ice pack in the dark, frigid waters of Antarctica's...

Chemists discuss Homeland Defense: addressing the challenges from scientific and government perspectives. (News).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... While the anthrax letters of October 2001 sent microbiologists and geneticists into an unwanted limelight, the chemical community also found itself suddenly grappling with how their field fits into the post-9/11 world. The news from a Jan....

Sex-based differences continue to mount: when it comes to autoimmunity, the sexes respond in their own ways. (Research).
February 18, 2002... In the 1970s, medical textbooks noted that lupus patients should not get pregnant because it could kill them, recalls physician Michael Lockshin. "I was challenged by a medical student, who had lupus, to show the data to prove that. But it...

The B. anthracis picture is now complete: with the edema factor in place, the anti-toxin search can begin. (Research).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... After a three-year effort, scientists have determined the crystal structure of edema factor, a toxic protein secreted by Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax. (1) Edema factor (EF) works in concert with two other anthrax...

Researchers stir up epigenetic regulation: histone methylation orchestrates the structure of chromatin. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... First came DNA methylases; then, histone deacetylases. Chromatin specialists thought they understood the steps to explain epigenetic regulation of gene expression: DNA gets methylated, recruits histone deacetylases, and together these two...

Bioinformatics. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... M.B. Yaffe et al., "A motif-based profile scanning approach for genome-wide prediction of signaling pathways," Nature Biotechnology, 19:348-53, April 2001. F1000 Rating: Recommended "This paper describes a powerful fusion of...

Neurology. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... E. Yeh et al., "neuralized functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase during Drosophila development," Current Biology, 77:1675-9, Oct. 30, 2001. E.C. Lai et al., "Drosophila neuralized is a ubiquitin ligase that promotes the internalization and...

Genomics & genetics. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... A.S. Weinmann et al., "Isolating human transcription factor targets by coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation and CpG island microarray analysis," Genes & Development, 16:235-44, Jan. 15, 2002. F1000 Recommendation: Must Read ...

Structural biology. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... S. Hu et al., "Capillary sodium dodecyl sulfate-DALT electrophoresis of proteins in a single human cancer cell," Electrophoresis, 22:3677-82, October 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Exceptional "This exciting paper presents for the first...

Developmental biology. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... W. Dean et al., "Conservation of methylation reprogramming in mammalian development: aberrant reprogramming in cloned embryos," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 98:13734-8, Nov. 20, 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Must...

Biochemistry. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... M.C. Morris et al., "A peptide carrier for the delivery of biologically active proteins into mammalian cells," Nature Biotechnology, 19:1173-6, December 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Must Read "This paper describes de novo design of a...

Signal transduction. (Faculty of 1000).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... J. Zhang et al., "Genetically encoded reporters of protein kinase A activity reveal impact of substrate tethering," PNAS, 98:14997-5002, Dec. 18, 2001. A.Y. Ting et al., "Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of protein tyrosine...

The complexity of gene silencing: researchers demonstrate the physical association between histone deacetylases and methyl-CpG binding proteins. (Hot Papers).
February 18, 2002... Histone acetylation and DNA methylation are two important chemical changes involved in the intricate choreography of transcriptional regulation. (1,2) Scientists know that they work in concert to turn genes on and off and regulate their...

Molecular demolition: matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors play key roles in tissue remodeling and pathogenesis of metastatic and inflammatory diseases. (Lab Consumer).
February 18, 2002... The ability of cells to degrade and rearrange extracellular matrix proteins is crucial for an organism's growth and development. Nearly 40 years ago, Jerome Gross and Charles Lapiere discovered that when tadpole tail fins resorb, their skin...

Protein purification II: affinity tags: affinity fusion systems offer flexible protein purification, often in a single step. (Lab Consumer).
February 18, 2002... Scientists working with recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coil probably use at least one liquid chromatography technique to purify their protein of interest. But liquid chromatography frequently requires a considerable amount of...

Biology's blockbuster: visualizing genetic variations: high-tech movies have potential drug-screening applications. (Lab Consumer).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... They say timing is everything, and when it comes to cancer that's especially true. Human cells grow and divide every 24 hours. But in a fraction of a second, an error can occur in the copying of the human genome. Spotting precisely when that...

Cloning without bacteria? Invitrogen offers kits for topoisomerase-based, directional, "vector-free" cloning. (Tools & Technology).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Invitrogen Corp. of Carlsbad, Calif., offers TOPO[R] Tools for those interested in an alternative to conventional, time-consuming cloning techniques. TOPO Tools provide a relatively fast way of joining various sequence elements, such as...

Imaging cells in four dimensions: Improvision's Volocity lets researchers examine how 3D images change over time. (Lab Consumer).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Confocal microscopes and other related tools allow researchers to take optical sections through a sample to create a three-dimensional picture of that object. But most things worth looking at under a microscope are not static; they move and...

AccuPromo. (Bench Buys).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... AccuPromo Until March 29, 2002, Stratagene of La Jolla, Calif., is offering a 30% discount on the 100-unit size of AccuType DNA polymerase. AccuType DNA polymerase's a high-fidelity PCR enzyme designed for genotyping and mutation detection...

Mass spec time saver. (Bench Buys).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Mass Spec Time Saver Millipore or Bedford, Mass, has introduced the Montage In-Gel [Digest.sub.96] Kit for convenient, reproducible digestion and purification of up to 96 samples from 1D or 2D polyacrylamide gels for mass spectrometric...

Pop Culture reaches new heights. (Bench Buys).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Pop Culture Reaches New Heights Madison, Wis.-based Novagen's new PopCulture[TM] Reagent facilitates affinity purification of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli by allowing direct extraction of cells from their culture medium....

Painlessly write the painful truth: the well-documented letter of recommendation can anchor the career of the job candidate and the writer. (Profession).
February 18, 2002... "Good" means average. "Great" means good. "Competent" is a blistering criticism. Welcome to the world of letters of reference, where you never say what you mean, and sometimes what you don't say, says it all. Letters of reference are the...

Targeted science funding misses the target: science policy follows fashion when academic institutions and the public win the fight for federal funds only to boost their own priorities. (Profession).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Call it disease-of-the-month research funding. The US and European practice of earmarking government money to satisfy public demands for new therapies or direct funds to research institutes in parliamentarians' home regions exasperates some...

Train your staff by talking: principal investigators can build productive work environments by clearly communicating expectations. (Profession).
February 18, 2002... A Principal investigator at a veterinary research institution carpeted her office with the lab technician's reports and refused to sign the technician's time card. When such subtle statements failed to adequately convey the boss's...

The fragile boundaries in the lab. (Fine Tuning).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... Most principal investigators claim their job has nothing to do with the personal lives of lab members. And many lab workers say they would never take personal problems to the head of a lab. But in a place where people are so invested in their...

Funding opportunities in the life sciences. (Profession).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE LIFE SCIENCES ORGANIZATION SUBJECT DEADLINE British Association of Medical student 3/20/2002 Dermatologists project grants www.bad.org.uk ...

John H. Marburger III: science adviser to the president. (Profile).(Brief Article)
February 18, 2002... During the height of the national ruckus over anthrax mailings and feared terrorist attacks this past October, the US Senate quietly confirmed John H. Marburger III as scientific adviser to President George W. Bush, and director of the Office...

Back for a second look. (Commentary).(mass media and research)(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... Scientists don't put much stock in the popular press. They think reporters do a miserable job covering science, either inflating a story beyond reality or just getting it wrong. I won't forget the now infamous cancer cure story on page...

Ponce de Leon, take note: a Q-less diet extends the life of the nematode. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... The proper diet for longevity may not be what is eaten, but what is not. University of California, Los Angeles, researchers have reported that the withdrawal of coenzyme Q (Q) from the diet of Caenorhabditis elegans extends the adult life...

Financing female scientist advancement: eight universities will study the promotion of women in science. (Frontlines).(National Science Foundation )(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... The National Science Foundation will distribute $7.7 million (US) during the next five years to eight women-in-leadership programs designed to help close the gap between the multitude of women entering science professions and the paucity...

NAS endorses therapeutic cloning: now, the science and ethics go up for debate. (Frontlines).(National Academy of Sciences)(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... In a report that is certain to fuel the US national debate over human cloning and stem cells, a panel of the National Academy of Sciences has recommended that the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) be permitted to clone human cells...

Knocking out cell vascularization around tumors: blocking the ephrin ligand might be the key. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... The newly discovered molecular structure of two cancer-related proteins could provide the building blocks for therapeutic treatment. Using a synchotron light source to perform X-ray crystallography, researchers from Memorial Sloan-Kettering...

Share and share alike: recent study measures the extent of data withholding among US geneticists. (Frontlines).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... "You can't always get what you want," Mick Jagger sings. Scientists are reporting that sometimes they can't even get what they need. A recent study on information sharing among geneticists shows that 47% of those who've requested...

Sorting out the science of stickiness: adhesion biology research crosses numerous disciplinary lines. (News).
February 4, 2002... For many animals, to stick is to survive. Nature's varied adhesive structures and substances enable animals to stick to inert substrates, to each other, and even to parts of themselves. An octopus uses its suckers to grab food, a gecko...

HIV meets its maker: improvements in lentiviral vectors could lead to first human trials. (News).
February 4, 2002... The killer will be turned against itself, if a human trial of gene therapy for AIDS goes forward in a few months, using a vector derived from HIV-1. Biotech startup VIRxSYS Corp. of Gaithersburg, Md., is complying with requests for more...

Aiming a world of computers at anthrax: a new project based at Oxford will build on recent published research. (News).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... A multiple-sponsor distributed computing project launched Jan. 22 aims to derail anthrax's ability to enter human cells and eliminate the toxin as a terrorists' weapon. The ambitious project has the backing of computer giants Intel and...

Fire hits UC-Santa Cruz labs: researchers stress the importance of being prepared for disasters. (News).
February 4, 2002... A three-alarm fire ravaged two labs at University of California, Santa Cruz, knocking out power and shutting down multiple buildings during the early hours of Jan. 11. The Sinsheimer building where the fire occurred remains closed, displacing...

Happy birthday, uncle Charlie: Darwin Day celebrations mark evolution guru's birthday. (News).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... Besides music, Jack Daniels, and the color orange, Tennessee also signifies opposition to evolution in the minds of many people, especially biologists. By banning the teaching of evolution in its schools, the state set the stage for the...

Deoxygenating ballast water: a win-win solution: battling invasive species in an environmentally friendly way. (News).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... A team of marine scientists report that a novel method for combating ship ballast corrosion may also be a cost-effective way to stem the tide of invasive species that are wreaking havoc on local marine ecosystems around the world. (1) The...

NSF reaches out to young investigators: a new research grant competition focuses on plant genomics. (News).(National Science Foundation)(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... The National Science Foundation gave young investigators interested in plant genomics a New Year's present: money, in the form of a research grant competition just for them. In a statement released on Dec. 28, 2001, Mary Clutter, assistant...

Test tubes with tails: how mice help play out science's best laid plans. (Research).
February 4, 2002... The relationship between man and mouse has had, at times, a strained history: They were vilified in the Book of Leviticus; their most feared enemy, the cat, was deified in ancient Egypt; and their English name evolved from the derogatory...

X and Y chromosomes concern more than reproduction: clues lie within about which sex is more predisposed to various diseases. (Research).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... While responses to "What's the difference between men and women?" might evoke answers about reproductive plumbing and hormones, researchers are unearthing some subtle, genomic reasons for the differences. So far, the linchpins to finding...

Watching how the brain grows: MRI offers new insights into brain development. (Research).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... Brain size is a lot like shoe size. It doesn't correlate with height, weight or even IQ, though boys tend to have larger brains (and feet) than girls. This lack of proportional comparison coupled with the fact that, like fingerprints, brains...

The human genome -- one year later: or, how hundreds of authors fit 3 billion letters into 40,000 words. (Hot Papers).
February 4, 2002... At the time, it attracted enough media attention to rival the cloning of "Dolly;" today, the analyses of two human genome drafts, published in February 2001, are attracting an extraordinary number of citations. As of mid-January, the work of...

Gaining headway in brain growth: a growth factor-binding protein causes head region of frog embryo to develop further. (Faculty of 1000).
February 4, 2002... How a vertebrate's neural system develops, both its physical (neural) development, and the progenitor cells' scripted differentiation (neural induction), is a bit of a black box. Some of the required signaling molecules are known, but as with...

"RNAMotif, an RNA secondary structure definition and search algorithm". (Bioinformatics).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... BIOINFORMATICS T.J. Macke et al., "RNAMotif, an RNA secondary structure definition and search algorithm," Nucleic Acids Research, 29:4724-35, Nov. 15, 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Recommended "This paper describes a new computer...

"Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate". (RNA Stability).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... RNA STABILITY S.M. Elbashir et al., "Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate," EMBO Journal, 20:6577-88, Dec. 3, 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Must Read "Elbashir et al. get...

"Construction of an Escherichia coli knockout strain for functional analysis of tRNA(Asp)". (Transcription & Translation).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION W.H. McClain, K. Gabriel, "Construction of an Escherichia coli knockout strain for functional analysis of tRNA(Asp)," Journal of Molecular Biology, 310:537-42, July 3, 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Recommended...

"A comparative analysis of the immunological evolution of antibody 28B4". (Molecular Evolution).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... MOLECULAR EVOLUTION J. Yin et al., "A comparative analysis of the immunological evolution of antibody 28B4," Biochemistry, 40:10764-73, Sept. 11, 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Must Read "Through a combination of structural and...

"Sex chromatin and nucleolar analyses in Rumex acetosa L". (Plant Genetics).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... PLANT GENETICS M. Lengerova, B. Vyskot, "Sex chromatin and nucleolar analyses in Rumex acetosa L," Protoplasma, 217:147-53, 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Exceptional "The relationship between chromatin packaging/organization and...

"Hypoxia affects expression of circadian genes PER1 and CLOCK in mouse brain". (Cell Signaling).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... CELL SIGNALING D. Chilov et al., "Hypoxia affects expression of circadian genes PER1 and CLOCK in mouse brain," Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 15:2613-22, December 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Recommended ...

"Monolithic capillary electrophoresis device with integrated fluorescence detector". (Microfluidics).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... MICROFLUIDICS J.R. Webster et al., "Monolithic capillary electrophoresis device with integrated fluorescence detector," Analytical Chemistry, 73:1622-6, April 1, 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Recommended "In this paper, the successful...

"Most of the human genome is transcribed". (Genomics).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... GENOMICS G.K. Wong et al., "Most of the human genome is transcribed," Genome Research, 11:1975-7, December 2001. F1000 Recommendation: Must Read "The paper points out that very large genes exist in the human genome, and that these...

Keeping time with Drosophila: two recent reports outline the application of microarrays to fly circadian rhythm research. (Lab Consumer).
February 4, 2002... Circadian clocks--the biological timekeepers that operate on a daily cycle--keep virtually every living creature in tune with its environment. These internal clocks regulate a wide range of fundamental biological processes, including...

Automated liquid handlers advance: manufacturers increase throughput, improve modularity, and add turnkey functionality. (Lab Consumer).
February 4, 2002... Automated liquid handling continues to play a central role in laboratory automation. These robots rapidly, tirelessly, and accurately perform a range of tedious liquid-handling tasks, such as assay setup, plate filling, plate washing, and hit...

Lipids + Genomics = Lipomics: Lipomics Technologies applies the lessons of genomics to lipid analyses, clearing the way for personalized health care based on metabolite profiles. (Tools & Technology).
February 4, 2002... Expression genomics and proteomics approaches have provided important insights into the roles of specific genes and proteins. Now, researchers monitoring other components of living organisms are finding ways to adapt the "big picture" outlook...

Iatia widens your scope: Iatia's QPm technology expands the capabilities of standard bright field microscopes. (Tools & Technology).
February 4, 2002... Victoria, Australia-based IATIA Ltd., in conjunction with the University of Melbourne, has commercialized a versatile and highly cost-effective way to dramatically enhance the capabilities of conventional light microscopes. Quantitative Phase...

Leica automates tissue processing: Leica's ASP 300 tissue processor features a reagent management system and improved safety features. (Tools & Technology).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... Leica Microsystems of Bannockburn, Ill., has introduced the ASP 300 Tissue Processor for histopathological sample processing. Unlike its predecessor, the TP 1050, the ASP 300 processor is a fully enclosed, fully automated, stand-alone system...

When professors take to the private market: a researcher's guide to biotechnology startups. (Profession).
February 4, 2002... To a life scientist who has emerged from a struggle to master a recalcitrant compound, an elusive ion flux, or an important gene sequence, launching a company might seem not just simple, but also natural. Think up a catchy name, take the CEO...

Whitaker uses endowment to advance healing: bioengineering-boosting foundation invests in the development of academic experts. (Profession).(Whitaker Foundation)(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... Professor Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou developed an experimental operation at Rutgers University that uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrodes placed in the brain to reduce Parkinson's disease symptoms. Following surgery, patients...

Scrutinizing international researchers. (Fine Tuning).(immigration regulations)(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... "In strengthening the security of our borders, we must also safeguard the unobstructed entry of more than 31 mill/on persons who enter the United States legally each year as visitors, students and temporary workers and over 500 million that...

Funding opportunities in the life sciences. (Profession).(Directory)
February 4, 2002... FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE LIFE SCIENCES ORGANIZATION SUBJECT New York Academy of Ferdinand C. Valentine Medicine fellowship for research in www.nyam.org urology National Center...

Finish the Space Station, head for Mars. (Opinion).(Brief Article)
February 4, 2002... There has never been an international civil engineering fiasco quite like the International Space Station (ISS). Its "estimated total cost of $95 billion is almost 10 times what it would take to build the Panama Canal today, yet its end is...