National Tax Journal articles from March 1994

National Tax Journal archives from March 1994

Tax reform and realizations of capital gains in 1986.
March 1, 1994... The ongoing debate about the revenue consequences of cutting tax rates on capital gains has been confounded by two contradictory sets of empirical evidence. The evidence from individual tax returns has usually been interpreted as implying that...

Do state business climates still matter? Evidence of a structural change.
March 1, 1994... INTRODUCTION The effect of subnational fiscal policy on state-level economic activity continues to receive considerable attention. In an extensive review of the literature, Bartik (1991) reports that 70 percent of the 57 interarea...

Tax expenditures in the federal excise tax system.
March 1, 1994... INTRODUCTION Estimates of the tax expenditures associated with individual and corporate income taxes have been published annually since 1975, by the Office of Management and Budget, as part of the annual Budget of the United States...

The earned income tax credit: participation, compliance, and antipoverty effectiveness.
March 1, 1994... In his first State of the Union address, President Clinton announced: "The new direction I propose will make this solemn, simple commitment: by expanding the refundable earned income tax credit, we will make history; we will reward the work of...

Adjusting school aid formulas for the higher cost of educating disadvantaged students.
March 1, 1994... INTRODUCTION Intergovernmental aid accounts for more than one-third of the revenue of United States local governments and more than one-half of the revenue of school districts. One purpose of this aid is to compensate for differences...

International aspects of corporate tax integration: the contrasting role of debt and equity flows.
March 1, 1994... The United States is one of the few industrialized countries that retains a purely classical tax system in which business income is taxed at the corporate level and then any dividends paid from corporate earnings are fully taxed at the...

An empirical analysis of married women's retirement decisions.
March 1, 1994... Over the past four decades, married women's labor force participation rates have risen from 23.8 percent in 1950 to 57.8 percent in 1989.(1) This increase in labor force participation raises the importance of understanding married women's...

State lottery sales and economic activity.
March 1, 1994... Lottery sales growth has been spectacular over the last decade. From fiscal 1980 through fiscal 1991, total state lottery sales grew at an annual compound rate of 22.3 percent. Some growth came from adding new state lotteries: 14 states offered...

Congestion tolling for uniform and nonuniform demand cycles when toll-revenue benefits are discounted.
March 1, 1994... INTRODUCTION According to Lee and Wilson (1990), the conventional analysis of efficient, price-rationed use of public services may need to be modified, because pricing revenue may induce wasteful "rent-seeking" expenditures. A proper...

Fiscal equalization and school finance. (Symposium on Fiscal Equalization)
March 1, 1994... There is a long tradition in the United States of local provision of elementary and secondary public education. In the early years of the nation, "public" education was financed primarily through voluntary contributions from local residents and...

Fiscal equalization: an empty box? (Symposium on Fiscal Equalization)
March 1, 1994... Fiscal equalization is the process through which a central government makes funds available to lower level governments with the objective of reducing the degree of inequality in the revenues that such governments can raise using their own...

The case for equalizing aid. (Symposium on Fiscal Equalization)
March 1, 1994... Equalizing aid can be used by the federal government to equalize fiscal outcomes or resources among subnational governments, or by states to equalize outcomes or resources among local governments. Although equalizing aid can sometimes be...

Federalism in Taxation: The Case for Greater Uniformity.
March 1, 1994... Daniel Shaviro has written a thoughtful and provocative essay(1) on state taxation in our federal system. As the title of his study suggests, Shaviro pleads "The Case for Greater Uniformity." First, he examines the reasons for preferring...

Canada-U.S. Tax Comparisons.
March 1, 1994... Edited by JOHN B. SHOVEN and JOHN WHALLEY, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992. Pp. 387. Former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau once said to an American audience, "living next to you is in some ways like sleeping...