Journal of Studies on Alcohol articles from May 1998

Journal of Studies on Alcohol archives from May 1998

Changes in liver cirrhosis death rates in different countries in relation to per capita alcohol consumption and Alcoholics Anonymous membership.
May 1, 1998... Since the 1960s many countries have seen large changes in alcohol-related problems such as liver cirrhosis death rates (Grant et al., 1986; Kendall, 1984; Mann et al., 1988a; Smart, 1988; Smart and Mann, 1987). Often these changes have been...

Alcohol and morbidity in the lung health study.
May 1, 1998... Over the past 20 years, a protective effect of moderate use of alcohol against cardiovascular disease has been well documented (Anderson, 1994; Duffy, 1995). More specifically, there is a protective effect for coronary heart disease (CHD) at...

Alcohol activates the cerebral reward system in man.
May 1, 1998... The concept of a "pleasure center" in the brain has been discussed by Olds (1976); a system that has also been called the motivational or reward system of the brain. It has been assumed that the urge for substance abuse, including alcohol, is...

Evaluation of a four- versus six-week length of stay in the Navy's alcohol treatment program.
May 1, 1998... Since the late 1970s, alcoholism treatment has experienced tremendous growth as part of the burgeoning health care industry, due largely to the sponsorship of both private and federal health care plans (Holder et al., 1991). Treatment is...

Mode effects on self-reported alcohol use and problem drinking: mail questionnaires and personal interviewing compared.
May 1, 1998... Scientific knowledge is based on weighing and considering the findings of several studies. This analysis, however, is complicated by the notion that inconsistencies and even consistencies may be due to artifacts. Differences in study design...

Comparison of treatment utilization and outcome for Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites.
May 1, 1998... Hispanics are the second-largest and fastest-growing minority group in the United States. Evidence from the early 1980s suggested that although non-Hispanic whites were more likely to be drinkers than were Hispanics, the drinking patterns of...

The impact of maternal drinking during and after pregnancy on the drinking of adolescent offspring.
May 1, 1998... Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with deleterious effects on offspring (Abel, 1982), including immediate and long-term consequences on physical, cognitive and behavioral development. Numerous studies have reported such immediate effects...

Alcohol portrayal on prime-time television: manifest and latent messages.
May 1, 1998... Approximately 40% of all free time is spent in front of the television (Pazzaglia et al., 1995). The average U.S. household has the television set on for approximately 7.2 hours per day and average viewing time is approximately 3.4 hours per...

Parental and peer influences on the onset of heavier drinking among adolescents.
May 1, 1998... Although there have been many studies of adolescent drinking, research has been heavily skewed toward the earliest stage of this behavior, namely initiation (Weber et al., 1989). Inspired in part by findings that approximately 90% of high...

The association of educational achievement and school dropout with risk of alcoholism: a twenty-five-year prospective study of inner-city children.
May 1, 1998... In prior studies, educational level and school dropout have been found to be associated with the development of alcohol abuse and dependence in adulthood (Crum et al., 1992, 1993). These studies were based on prospective data gathered as part...

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for smokers with histories of alcohol dependence and depression.
May 1, 1998... The influence of comorbid psychopathology on smoking cessation has received increased attention (Breslau et al., 1993; Hughes, 1993). In particular, alcohol dependence (Hurt et al., 1995) and major depression (Glassman et al., 1990) have been...

Child sexual and physical abuse and alcoholism: a review.
May 1, 1998... In recent years, child sexual abuse (CSA) and child physical abuse (CPA) have been the subject of both scientific and public concern. Estimates of prevalence of CSA and CPA in the general population vary widely, however, due to several...

Intoxication Test Evidence, 2d ed.
May 1, 1998... Second Edition, by Edward F. Fitzgerald. St. Paul, Minn.: Clark, Boardman, Callaghan (West Group), 1995, $250.00 (two 3-ring binders). The introduction to this two-volume text suggests that this second edition updates the reader on breath...

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: From Mechanism to Prevention.
May 1, 1998... by Ernest L. Abel (Ed.). Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, Inc., 1996, 336 + xvi pages, $89.95 (cloth). In this book, Abel has assembled 15 chapters on fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), spanning topics on basic mechanism to clinical descriptions to...

Alcohol, Pregnancy and the Developing Child.
May 1, 1998... by H.-L. Spohr and H.-C. Steinhausen (Eds.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1996, 307 + xviii pages, $74.95 (cloth). This book comprises 15 chapters on issues pertaining to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and the effects of...