Journal of Studies on Alcohol articles from March 1999

Journal of Studies on Alcohol archives from March 1999

An Examination of ALDH2 Genotypes, Alcohol Metabolism and the Flushing Response in Native Americans(*).
March 1, 1999... Ethanol is rapidly oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate, in a two-step process involving the enzymes alcohol (ADH) and aldehyde (ALDH) dehydrogenase. Multiple polymorphic forms of these enzymes exist, resulting in functional differences...

Alcohol Dependence and Conduct Disorder among Navajo Indians(*).
March 1, 1999... As many as 40% of men and 20% of women in alcohol treatment programs meet the criteria for antisocial personality (ASP) disorder (Hesselbrock et al., 1985; Ross et al., 1988). These alcohol dependent people are likely to manifest more severe...

Differences in Ethanol Sensitivity and Acute Tolerance between UChA and UChB Rats.
March 1, 1999... There are wide differences in the response to ethanol among various species of animals. These differences have been well documented among the various lines of mice and rats; however, the mechanisms for these differences still remain obscure. At...

Effects of Acamprosate on Memory in Healthy Young Subjects.
March 1, 1999... Acamprosate constitutes the calcium salt of an acetylated form of homotaurine. Although it has been proven effective in several studies in reducing relapses into drinking, its exact mechanisms of action are uncertain (Lhuintre et al., 1990;...

The Relationship of Alcohol Use to Cocaine Relapse in Cocaine Dependent Patients in an Aftercare Study(*).
March 1, 1999... Several reports have noted a high frequency of comorbid alcohol dependence or abuse in treatment-seeing cocaine addicts (Carroll et al., 1993b; Higgins et al., 1994). It has also been observed in clinical reports on the treatment of cocaine...

DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse: Investigation in a Sample of At-Risk Drinkers in the Community(*).(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)
March 1, 1999... The validity of the concept of alcohol dependence as defined in DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) has now been well-established through numerous studies with different designs...

The Comparative Validity of Eleven Alcoholism Typologies(*).
March 1, 1999... There is considerable agreement among clinicians and researches that the diagnosis of alcoholism reflects a clinically heterogeneous group of individuals whose onset, course, outcome and response to treatment vary enormously (Babor and...

A Reliability and Validity Analysis of an Alcohol-Related Harm Scale for Surveys.
March 1, 1999... MOST LARGE North American surveys of the 1990s included at least a series of 10 items to measure alcohol-related harm (e.g., U.S. National Alcohol Surveys, 1990 and 1995; Canadian General Social Survey, 1993; Canada's Alcohol and Drug Survey,...

Specific Alcoholic Beverages and Physical and Mental Health among Adolescents(*).
March 1, 1999... Few studies on adolescents have examined the interrelationships among alcohol use and physical and mental health (Arria et al., 1991; Farrow et al., 1987; Hansell and White, 1991; Newcomb and Bentler, 1987), possibly because this age group has...

Stress-Motivated Drinking in Collegiate and Postcollegiate Young Adulthood: Life Course and Gender Patterns(*).
March 1, 1999... Reasons for drinking alcohol can vary considerably among and within social groups. These motivations for alcohol consumption can also vary for the individual over time, personal circumstances and cultural contexts. Reasons have commonly...

Alcohol Consumption among High School Students in Barcelona, Spain.
March 1, 1999... Alcohol Consumption has deep cultural roots in Western society, particularly in the wine-growing Mediterranean region of Europe. Spain has one of the highest levels of alcohol consumption with the pure alcohol (100% ethanol) intake at 15.4...

The Measurement of Problem Drinking in Young Adulthood(*).
March 1, 1999... For the past two decades, alcohol researchers and clinicians have been working toward defining and measuring problem drinking. Generally, researchers agree that problem drinking is a multidimensional behavior (e.g., Bailey and Rachal, 1993;...

The Influence of Parental Drinking and Closeness on Adolescent Drinking(*).
March 1, 1999... Most studies have found that parental drinking and adolescent's closeness to parents are related to adolescent drinking. Studies have indicated that parental drinking behavior serves as a role model for adolescent drinking behavior. It has also...

Telescoping of Landmark Events Associated with Drinking: A Gender Comparison.
March 1, 1999... There is growing interest in differences between male and female alcoholics (e.g., Gomberg, 1993a; Schneider et al., 1995). Areas of research include gender differences in amount and pattern of alcohol consumption, polysubstance use, preferred...

Employee Drinking Practices and Work Performance(*).
March 1, 1999... There have been periods in U.S. history when employers have promoted the use of alcohol during the workday, believing that it helped to stimulate productivity and promote employees' sense of well-being (Lender and Martin, 1987). In recent...

Substance Dependence and Personality Disorders: Comorbidity and Treatment Outcome in an Inpatient Treatment Population.
March 1, 1999... Substance dependence (SD) and personality disorders (PDs) are both difficult to treat, and individuals with comorbid disorders present a particularly challenging population for treatment providers (Hesselbrock, et al., 1992; Mirin and Weiss,...

Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Substance Use Disorders in Schizophrenia and Major Affective Disorders(*).
March 1, 1999... Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and substance use disorders (substance abuse or substance dependence) have a very high rate of comorbidity in the general population (Regier et al., 1990). In addition, ASPD, and its childhood precursor,...

Findings of a Pilot Study of Motivational Interviewing with Pregnant Drinkers(*).
March 1, 1999... Fetal alcohol exposure is associated with growth retardation, physical abnormalities, abnormal neurobehavioral functioning, and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) which is the leading known cause of mental retardation in the United States. Despite...