Journal of Studies on Alcohol articles from January 2000

Journal of Studies on Alcohol archives from January 2000

Understanding the Relation between Expectancies and Drinking among DUI Offenders Using Expectancy Categories.(Statistical Data Included)
January 1, 2000... MUCH OF THE published research investigating self-reported alcohol expectancies has focussed on the relation between positive alcohol expectancies (expected reinforcing effects of drinking alcohol) and drinking-related variables. Some...

Pharmacogenetics of Responses to Alcohol and Genes That Influence Alcohol Drinking(*).
January 1, 2000... This annual lecture series pays tribute to Mark Keller, who was one of the pioneers in alcohol research. He championed the disease model, contending that alcoholism (i.e., alcohol dependence or addiction) has a physical basis and is not just...

Hangover Symptoms in Asian Americans with Variations in the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2) Gene(*).(Statistical Data Included)
January 1, 2000... THE POST-INTOXICATION STATE, commonly referred to as hangover, consists of symptoms including thirst, fatigue, insomnia, tachycardia, headache, nausea and vomiting (Gauvin et al., 1993). Factors associated with hangover include the type of...

Alcoholics' Selective Attention to Alcohol Stimuli: Automated Processing?(*).
January 1, 2000... ACCORDING TO a cognitive model of addiction (Tiffany, 1990), alcohol use in alcoholics is largely controlled by automated processing of alcohol information. Automatic processing can be described as a process that is reflexively triggered by...

Alcohol Effects on Movement-Related Potentials: A Measure of Impulsivity?(*).
January 1, 2000... A HIGH INCIDENCE of alcohol intoxication associated with violent crimes (Collins, 1981) is found in many countries (Murdoch et al., 1990) and has led to hypotheses about alcohol-induced aggression. Laboratory research on aggressive behavior...

Hypoperfusion of Inferior Frontal Brain Regions in Abstinent Alcoholics: A Pilot SPECT Study(*).(Brief Article)
January 1, 2000... STRUCTURAL IMAGING studies with x-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have verified, in vivo, the global atrophy observed in post mortem neuropathological analyses of the brains of chronic alcoholics (Carlen et al.,...

Frontal EEG Response to Threat, Aggressive Traits and a Family History of Alcoholism: A Preliminary Study(*).
January 1, 2000... THE OFFSPRING of alcoholics are predisposed to develop alcohol problems (Sher et al., 1991; Sigvardsson et al., 1996). Behavioral undercontrol and negative affect are important components of the predisposition to alcohol abuse associated with...

Effects of Alcohol on Baseline Startle and Prepulse Inhibition in Young Men at Risk for Alcoholism and/or Anxiety Disorders(*).
January 1, 2000... THE HIGH RECURRENCE of alcoholism among offspring of alcoholic parents demonstrates that family history is the most consistent risk factor for this condition (McGue, 1994; Merikangas, 1990). However, the mechanisms by which parental alcoholism...

Talk Is Cheap: Measuring Drinking Outcomes in Clinical Trials(*).(Statistical Data Included)
January 1, 2000... TREATMENT RESEARCHERS have traditionally used self-report assessments to measure alcohol consumption and its consequences. Although self-report measures of drinking are generally considered to be valid, under certain conditions self-report...

Individual Differences in the Priming Effect of Ethanol in Social Drinkers(*).
January 1, 2000... ABSTINENT DRUG USERS often report that a single exposure to their formerly used drug can result in increased desire for the drug and drug-seeking behaviors. This phenomenon, known as "priming" (de Wit, 1996), is one of the critical features of...

Home Interactions of High and Low Antisocial Male Alcoholics and Their Families(*).
January 1, 2000... DURING THE PAST two decades, there has been increasing, research on the family's role in the development, course and treatment of alcoholism, including the alcoholic's impact on family relationships, the family's role in maintaining patterns of...

Alcohol Home Delivery Services: A Source of Alcohol for Underage Drinkers(*).
January 1, 2000... DESPITE THE MINIMUM legal drinking age of 21, young people who are under age 21 can easily obtain alcohol (Jones-Webb et al., 1997; Wagenaar et al., 1996). Throughout the United States, alcohol is readily available to young people who attempt...

Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol: Outcomes from a Randomized Community Trial(*).
January 1, 2000... IN 1997, over half (53%) of U.S. high school seniors reported having drunk alcohol in the past 30 days, and 31% reported having consumed five or more drinks on at least one occasion in the previous 2 weeks (Johnston et al., 1997). Among college...

An Experimental Study of a Change from Over-the-Counter to Self-Service Sales of Alcoholic Beverages in Monopoly Outlets.
January 1, 2000... IS CUSTOMERS' SHOPPING BEHAVIOR affected by the structural organization of retail outlets? One is led to expect a positive answer to this question in light of all the efforts put into developing the physical organization of shops. In the...

Axis I and Axis II Disorders in Alcoholics and Drug Addicts: Fact or Artifact?(*).
January 1, 2000... EXTENSIVE EVIDENCE suggests that substance use disorders co-occur with both Axis I (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 1993; Regier et al., 1990; Ross et al., 1998) and Axis II disorders (Rounsaville et al., 1998;...

Drinking Patterns among Individuals with and without DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorders.
January 1, 2000... ALTHOUGH the concept of alcoholism as a disease had been introduced by the middle of the nineteenth century (see review in Keller and Doria, 1991), it was not until the publication of Jellinek's The Disease Concept of Alcoholism more than a...

Drinking Patterns and Problems of the "Stably Insured": A Study of the Membership of a Health Maintenance Organization(*).(Statistical Data Included)
January 1, 2000... EVOLVING HEALTH CARE POLICY has resulted in an increasing proportion of the U.S. insured population receiving health care through managed care organizations such as health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (Edmunds et al., 1997; Health Care...

Drinking Patterns and Alcohol Dependence: A Comparison of Primary Care Patients in a Southern County with the Regional General Population(*).
January 1, 2000... ALCOHOL-RELATED PROBLEMS are thought to be overrepresented in populations of primary care settings compared to the general population (Cherpitel, 1994; Magruder-Habib et al., 1991), and rates have been found to vary considerably depending on...

Alcoholics Anonymous and the Use of Medications to Prevent Relapse: An Anonymous Survey of Member Attitudes.
January 1, 2000... MEMBERS OF Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) are often assumed to have strong negative attitudes toward the use of medication for alcohol problems. A common view is that AA members believe the alcoholic, to recover fully, must achieve sobriety solely...

Predicting the Therapeutic Alliance in Alcoholism Treatment(*).
January 1, 2000... IT HAS LONG been recognized that establishment of a working relationship between the client and therapist is an important component of the behavior change process. This relationship has consistently predicted client response to...

Alcohol Dependence among Alaska Natives Entering Alcoholism Treatment: A Gender Comparison(*).
January 1, 2000... NATIVE AMERICANS, including Alaska Natives, have experienced significant problems with alcohol since its introduction into their cultures by the early European settlers. Morbidity and mortality rates attributable to alcohol abuse among the...

Smoking and Drinking among Alcoholics in Treatment: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relationships(*).
January 1, 2000... ALCOHOLICS are significantly more likely to smoke cigarettes than nonalcoholics. Surveys indicate that the incidence of smoking among alcoholics in treatment often exceeds 70% (Burling and Ziff, 1988; Kozlowski et al., 1989). Studies have begun...

Alcohol Expectancies and Sexuality: A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Analysis of Dyadic Perceptions and Behavior(*).
January 1, 2000... ALCOHOL EXPECTANCIES are thought to contribute to postdrinking sexual disinhibition. However, the specific mechanisms for an expectancy contribution have not been ascertained. One possibility is that faith in alcohol's disinhibitory powers may...

A Confirmatory Analysis of the Hierarchical Structure of Positive and Negative Dose-Related Alcohol Expectancies in Alcoholics and the Associations with Family History of Alcoholism(*).
January 1, 2000... ALCOHOL OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES have consistently been found to be associated with alcohol consumption in a variety of nonalcoholic samples (e.g., Goldman et al., 1997). Expectancies prospectively predict alcohol consumption in adolescents...

Peak Blood Alcohol Prediction: An Empirical Test of Two Computer Models(*).
January 1, 2000... HISTORICALLY, women and older subjects have been excepted from alcohol studies because of the higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC) obtained for them with doses of alcohol equivalent to those received by younger male subjects. Consequently,...