Annual Review of Psychology articles from January 1 1999

Annual Review of Psychology archives from January 1 1999

CURRENT ISSUES AND EMERGING THEORIES IN ANIMAL COGNITION.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT Comparative cognition is an emerging interdisciplinary field with contributions from comparative psychology, cognitive/experimental and developmental psychology, animal learning, and ethology, and is poised to move toward greater...

NEUROETHOLOGY OF SPATIAL LEARNING: The Birds and the Bees.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT The discipline of neuroethology integrates perspectives from neuroscience, ethology, and evolutionary biology to investigate the mechanisms underlying the behavior of animals performing ecologically relevant tasks. One goal is to...

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF DEMOCRACY: A Selective Review of Research on Political Tolerance, Interpersonal Trust, and Social Capital.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT This chapter explores two psychological orientations that support democratic governance. First, robust democracies require citizens to tolerate others' efforts to participate in politics, even if they promote unpopular views....

SINGLE-GENE INFLUENCES ON BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT As traditional behavioral genetics analysis merges with neurogenetics, the field of neurobehavioral genetics, focusing on single-gene effects, comes into being. New biotechnology has greatly accelerated gene discovery and the...

TRUST AND DISTRUST IN ORGANIZATIONS: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT Scholarly interest in the study of trust and distrust in organizations has grown dramatically over the past five years. This interest has been fueled, at least in part, by accumulating evidence that trust has a number of important...

SURVEY RESEARCH.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT For the first time in decades, conventional wisdom about survey methodology is being challenged on many fronts. The insights gained can not only help psychologists do their research better but also provide useful insights into the...

INFLUENCES ON INFANT SPEECH PROCESSING: Toward a New Synthesis.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT To comprehend and produce language, we must be able to recognize the sound patterns of our language and the rules for how these sounds "map on" to meaning. Human infants are born with a remarkable array of perceptual sensitivities...

LIFESPAN PSYCHOLOGY: Theory and Application to Intellectual Functioning.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT The focus of this review is on theory and research of lifespan (lifespan developmental) psychology. The theoretical analysis integrates evolutionary and ontogenetic perspectives on cultural and human development across several...

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY OUTCOME AND PROCESS RESEARCH: Challenges Leading to Greater Turmoil or a Positive Transition?
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT Psychotherapy is facing challenges that relate to the emergence of managed health care, the possibility of a national health care system, and advances in biological psychiatry. These situations have created pressure to achieve a...

THE SUGGESTIBILITY OF CHILDREN'S MEMORY.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT In this review, we describe a shift that has taken place in the area of developmental suggestibility. Formerly, studies in this area indicated that there were pronounced age-related differences in suggestibility, with preschool...

SOCIAL, COMMUNITY, AND PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT Psychology can and should be at the forefront of participation in social, community, and preventive interventions. This chapter focuses on selective topics under two general areas: violence as a public health problem and health...

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT.
January 1, 1999... KEY WORDS: adaptation, learning, intervention, transformation ABSTRACT Recent analyses of organizational change suggest a growing concern with the tempo of change, understood as the characteristic rate, rhythm, or pattern of work or...

PEER RELATIONSHIPS AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE DURING EARLY AND MIDDLE CHILDHOOD.
January 1, 1999... KEY WORDS: children, social development, friendship, peer acceptance, peer victimization ABSTRACT This review demarcates major periods of empirical activity and accomplishment (i.e. "generations") in research on children's peer...

SOMESTHESIS.
January 1, 1999... KEY WORDS: touch, tactile patterns, thermal sensitivity, haptics, pain ABSTRACT In this review we focus on the perceptual and psychophysical aspects of somesthesis, although some information on neurophysiological aspects will be...

INTERPERSONAL PROCESSES: The Interplay of Cognitive, Motivational, and Behavioral Activities in Social Interaction.
January 1, 1999... KEY WORDS: expectations, self-fulfilling prophecies, perceptual confirmation, behavioral confirmation, hypothesis-testing ABSTRACT This analytic review is concerned with the interpersonal processes, and the characteristics of...

HIGH-LEVEL SCENE PERCEPTION.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT Three areas of high-level scene perception research are reviewed. The first concerns the role of eye movements in scene perception, focusing on the influence of ongoing cognitive processing on the position and duration of...

QUANTIFYING THE INFORMATION VALUE OF CLINICAL ASSESSMENTS WITH SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT The aim of clinical assessment is to gather data that allow us to reduce uncertainty regarding the probabilities of events. This is a Bayesian view of assessment that is consistent with the well-known concept of incremental...

EMOTION.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT We review recent trends and methodological issues in assessing and testing theories of emotion, and we review evidence that form follows function in the affect system. Physical limitations constrain behavioral expressions and...

INTERVENTIONS FOR COUPLES.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT A substantial body of empirical research has documented both the promise and the shortcomings of psychological interventions for preventing or ameliorating marital distress. Couple therapy reduces relationship distress and may...

HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: Mapping Biobehavioral Contributions to Health and Illness.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT Our evolving understanding of how psychosocial and behavioral factors affect health and disease processes has been marked by investigation of specific relationships and mechanisms underlying them. Stress and other emotional...

DEDUCTIVE REASONING.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT This chapter describes the main accounts of deductive competence, which explain what is computed in carrying out deductions. It argues that people have a modicum of competence, which is useful in daily life and a prerequisite for...

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: Description and Classification.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT DSM-IV's strong empirical base has yielded an instrument with good to excellent reliability and improved validity. Diagnostic reliability depends on both the clarity and validity of diagnostic criteria and the changeability of...

CONFLICT IN MARRIAGE: Implications for Working with Couples.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT The investigation of marital conflict has reached a crossroads. Over 25 years of research on marital conflict behavior yields a relatively clear picture of its topography, but its relevance for changing the marital relationship...

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: Children's Knowledge About the Mind.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT This chapter reviews theory and research on the development of children's knowledge about the mental world, focusing especially on work done during the past 15 years under the rubric of theory-of-mind development. The three...

ON KNOWING A WORD.
January 1, 1999... ABSTRACT A person who knows a word knows much more than its meaning and pronunciation. The contexts in which a word can be used to express a particular meaning are a critical component of word knowledge. The ability to exploit context in...