Annual Review of Psychology articles from January 1 1998

Annual Review of Psychology archives from January 1 1998

Sibling relationship quality: its causes and consequences.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: temperament, parent-child relationships, marital relationships, cognitive and psychosocial outcomes, differential treatment INTRODUCTION Research on siblings is almost as old as the science of psychology itself. The first...

Memory-based language processing: psycholinguistic research in the 1990s.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: reading, language comprehension, lexical semantics, long-term memory, syntax, meaning Introduction I was still staring at the portrait when a door opened far back under the stairs. It wasn't the butler coming...

Brain plasticity and behavior.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: dendrite arborization, environmental enrichment, cortex, neuropsychology, experience INTRODUCTION One of the key principles of behavioral neuroscience is that experience can modify brain structure long after brain development...

Intergroup contact theory.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: affective ties, ingroup reappraisal, group categorization INTRODUCTION Social scientists began to theorize about intergroup contact after World War II (Watson 1947, Williams 1947). Allport's (1954) hypothesis proved the most...

Cognitive neuroscience of human memory.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: declarative memory, skill learning, repetition priming, conditioning, functional brain imaging INTRODUCTION The cognitive neuroscience of human memory aims to understand how we record, retain, and retrieve experience in terms...

Giftedness: an exceptionality examines.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: gifted children, talent development, gifted education, recommended practices INTRODUCTION The study of giftedness has practical origins. People are intrigued by high-level performance and wish to inspect both the performance...

Performance evaluation in work settings.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: performance, appraisal, evaluation, utility, review INTRODUCTION Psychologists have long been attentive to the issue of defining, understanding, and evaluating performance within work contexts. This chapter constitutes the...

Psychology and the study of marital processes.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: marriage, relationships, divorce, children, sex WHY STUDY MARRIAGE? The divorce rate remains extremely high in the United States. Current estimates of the chances of first marriages ending in divorce range between 50% and 67%...

Models of the emergence of language.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: development, syntax, connectionism, nativism, lexicon, children, meaning, phonology, neural networks INTRODUCTION Language is a uniquely human achievement. All of the major social achievements of human culture--architecture,...

Reconciling processing dynamics and personality dispositions.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: traits, person-situation interactions, cognitive-affective system, personality stability, dispositions, dynamics, social cognition INTRODUCTION Throughout the history of the field, two different approaches to personality have...

Biases in the interpretation and use of research results.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: advocacy, ideology, judgment, methodology, politics, values INTRODUCTION The claim that a social scientist is "biased" is rarely a neutral observation. In our culture, it can be a scathing criticism, a devastating attack on...

The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: false recognition, confabulation, memory disorders, medial temporal lobes, frontal lobes INTRODUCTION Beginning with the pioneering studies of Bartlett (1932), psychologists have recognized that memory is not a literal...

Consumer behavior: a quandrennium.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: marketing, buyer behavior, consumer psychology, information processing, attitude formation INTRODUCTION Consumer behavior has been defined as the "acquisition, consumption and disposition of products, services, time and ideas...

Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: teaching, learning, context, collaboration INTRODUCTION Recent chapters in the Annual Review of Psychology closely related to the general subject matter of teaching and learning (Glaser & Bassok 1989, Sandoval 1995, Snow &...

Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: depression, anxiety, comorbidity MEANINGS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ANXIETY-DEPRESSION COMORBIDITY Background Comorbidity is currently one of the "hot" topics in psychopathology research (Kendall & Clarkin 1992). According...

Adolescent development: challenges and opportunities for research, programs, and policies.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: diversity, context, risk, protection, prevention INTRODUCTION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH, PROGRAMS, AND POLICIES Adolescence has been described as a phase of life beginning in biology and ending in society...

Judgment and decision making.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: risk, emotions, choices, beliefs, utilities INTRODUCTION This chapter, the ninth in a series of annual reviews on judgment and decision making, presents research from 1992 to 1996. Edwards (1961) set the stage in the first...

Human abilities.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION The study of intelligence is like a real-world Jeopardy game. Curiously, there is more agreement regarding answers than there is regarding what questions these answers answer. For example, it is uncontroversial that on...

Lower-level visual processing and models of light adaptation.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: vision, visual sensitivity, retina, psychophysics, ganglion cell INTRODUCTION Background: The Need for a Model of Adaptation For years, certainly since the work of Helmholtz, Hering, and Mach, the role played by the...

Categorical data analysis.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: contingency tables, frequency tables, statistical models Over the past quarter century, the range of procedures for the analysis of categorical data has increased enormously, fueled partly by increases in computer power--see the...

Theories linking culture and psychology: universal and community-specific processes.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: culture, theory, identity, education, immigration, diversity INTRODUCTION The concept of culture has come to the forefront of social science and social policy to address issues of human diversity in psychological processes...

Perceptual learning.
January 1, 1998... KEY WORDS: perception, cognition, discrimination, training, expertise INTRODUCTION The field of perceptual learning has changed significantly since the last Annual Review of Psychology chapter--Eleanor Gibson's 1963 review entitled...