Annual Review of Psychology articles from January 1 1995

Annual Review of Psychology archives from January 1 1995

Four tensions concerning mathematical modeling in psychology.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: dynamic versus static models, error versus structure, mathematical modeling, normative verus descriptive models, phenomenological versus processing models CONTENTS WHY SHOULD MATHEMATICS PLAY A ROLE IN PSYCHOLOGY? Structure,...

Research assessing couple and family therapy.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: couple and family therapy, process and outcome research, treatment efficacy CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINING THE DOMAIN OF COUPLE AND FAMILY THERAPY THE EFFICACY OF COUPLE AND FAMILY THERAPY EFFICACY OF SPECIFIC TYPES OF COUPLE AND...

Organizational behavior.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: micro OB, macro OB, organizational psychology, organization sciences INTRODUCTION THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS Organizations as Constructed Realities Action Theory Theoretical Controversies METHODOLOGICAL...

Language comprehension: sentence and discourse processing.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: natural language processing, computational models of language, modularity and interactivity, cognitive architecture, individual and population differences CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Marr's Analysis Computational Architectures...

Diagnosis and classification of psychopathology: challenges to the current system and future directions.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: diagnosis, classification, DSM-IV, psychopathology CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PURPOSES OF A DIAGNOSTIC TAXONOMY Clinical Utility Research Facilitation Scientific Understanding DEVELOPMENT OF DSM-IV Descriptive...

Acquiring intellectual skills.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: learning, reasoning, domain-related skills, general skills, social context CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DOMAIN-RELATED INTELLECTUAL SKILL ACQUISITION Mathematics Physics History GENERAL INTELLECTUAL SKILLS Scientific...

Interpersonal relations: mixed-motive interaction. (bargaining and social dilemmas)
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: bargaining, coalition formation, social dilemma, commons dilemma, public goods dilemma, cooperation CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BARGAINING The Economic Approach to Bargaining Ultimatum Bargaining Disagreements COALITION...

Emotion: clues from the brain.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: cognition, fear, amygdala, memory, learning CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 209 NEURAL BASIS OF EMOTION 210 Neural Basis of Fear 210 Neural Pathways...

Understanding human resource management in the context of organizations and their environments.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: international, personnel, strategic, industrial/organizational CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Need for Understanding Human Resource Management (HRM) in Context TheoreticalPerspectives Relevant to Understanding HRM in Context...

Adolescent development: pathways and processes of risk and resilience.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: adolescence, developmental psychology, aggression, depression CONTENTS INTRODUCTION EMERGENT THEMES IN THEORY AND RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE Models of Adolescent Development: Transactional, Interdisciplinary, and ...

Personality processes.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: personality traits. evolution, behavior genetics, biological bases, affect CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A METATHEORETIC TAXONOMY OF PERSONALITY THEORIES AND PROCESSES: THREE DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY THEORY Levels of Generality--From...

Aging and speed of behavior: possible consequences for psychological functioning.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: reaction time, slowness and cognition, information processing speed, speed and intelligence, physiological correlates of speed CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND HIERARCHICAL LEVELS OF EXPLANATION REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ...

Teaching in subject matter areas: science.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: conceptual change, interest, instruction CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTIVISM BUILDING NEW SCHEMATA IN THE PRESENCE OF MISCONCEPTIONS The Use of Anomalous Data Addressing Misconceptions Using Text Creating Cognitive...

Social structuring of the school: studying what is, illuminating what could be.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: social organization of schools, motivation in education, opportunities to learn, student evaluation and recognition CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITY Students' Access to the Core Curriculum for their Grade Level ...

Psychological characteristics of maltreated children: putative risk factors and consequences.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, aggression, sexuality, risk factors, consequences of maltreatment CONTENTS METHODOLOGICAL AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES DEFINING MALTREATMENT FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES Physical Abuse Neglect...

Data analysis: continuing issues in the everyday analysis of psychological data.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: statistical models, anova, multiple regression, hypothesis tests CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE MODEL COMPARISON APPROACH TO DATA ANALYSIS Significance Tests and Effect Estimates Focused Comparisons Statistical Power ...

Speech perception: from signal to word.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: spoken language processing, speech perception, lexical access, modularity, interaction, context effects, development, language-specificity CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MAPPING FROM ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TO INITIAL REPRESENTATIONAL UNITS ...

Clinical assessment of memory disorders in amnesia and dementia.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: learning, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, Alzheimer's disease CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CONCEPTUAL DIVISIONS OF MEMORY Short-Term vs Long-Term Memory Encoding vs Retrieval Retroactive vs Proactive Interference ...

Deductive inference.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: deduction, reasoning, semantics, thinking, language CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Logic, Language, Mind, and Reality THE LOGIC-LANGUAGE INTERFACE IN LINGUISTIC SEMANTICS AND COGNITION Sentential Logical Form Logico-Lexical...

Multiple hypothesis testing.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: multiple comparisons, simultaneous testing, p-values, closed test procedures, pairwise comparisons CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ORGANIZING CONCEPTS Primary Hypotheses, Closure, Hierarchical Sets, and Minimal Hypotheses Families...

What we can learn from invertebrate learning.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: synaptic plasticity, conditioning, long-term potentiation, cellular mechanisms, physiological mechanisms CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT INVERTEBRATES LEARN Physiologically Analyzed Learning Paradigms Choice of Paradigms LOCI...

Genes and human behavior.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: behavior genetics, cognitive abilities, personality, health habits, psychopathology CONTENTS INTRODUCTION COGNITIVE ABILITY AND DISABILITY Cognitive Abilities: General and Specific Reading Disability Fragile-X...

Personality development in social context.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: temperament, parent-child relationships, peer relationships CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PERSONALITY AND TEMPERAMENT Dimensional Issues Developmental Issues THREE BEHAVIORAL ORIENTATIONS Antisocial Behavior Behavioral...