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A scholarly publication that is the official journal of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, an international learned society whose Fellows are among the natio.'s most prominent thinkers in the arts, sciences, and the humanities, as well as the full
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THe determinants of health from a historical perspective.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... OUR CONCEPTIONS OF THE DETERMINANTS of health change periodically. At certain times socioeconomic factors have figured predominantly in policy-making; at other times the emphasis has been largely on identifying the causes of disease and...
Health care as a threat to health: defense, opulence and the social environment. What 'good' is health care?(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... WHAT "GOOD" IS HEALTH CARE?
VERY FEW PEOPLE OWN BATTLE TANKS for personal enjoyment. Such vehicles are not offered as prizes in lotteries or advertising programs or featured in the Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous. New homes, BMWs,...
Can we have too much health care?(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... THE HEALTH-CARE INDUSTRY USES resources, and large amounts of them in most industrialized nations. Recently, health-care expenditures have increased at rates greater than the rates of economic growth in many of these nations. This creates...
The epidemiological transition: from material scarcity to social disadvantage?(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... INTRODUCTION
HEALTH AND WEALTH HAVE ALWAYS appeared to be closely related. But within that relationship there is an important historical discontinuity which not only tells us about the changing determinants of health, but also marks a...
The social environment and health.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... CONSIDER THE ACHIEVEMENTS IN the area of coronary heart disease. For over forty years coronary heart disease has been studied more aggressively than any other disesase with the highest level of financial support the world has ever seen. During...
Monitoring motherhood: sociocultural and historical aspects of maternal and child health in Japan.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... INTRODUCTION
STATISTICS ABOUT INFANT MORTALITY, namely the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), the number of deaths within one year after birth (per thousand births), are usually taken to be one of the most reliable indicators of health in any...
Efficiency and effectiveness in Health care.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... JAPAN HAS BEEN ABLE TO ACHIEVE the seemingly impossible combination of cost containment, universal coverage, and no overt rationing of its health-care system. This has not been the result of pursuing effectiveness and efficiency, but of...
How the developed countries became rich.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... I
IN ADDRESSING A TOPIC THIS AMBITIOUS, I have no alternative but to confine myself to focusing upon essentials. In doing this I must sidestep some important aspects of the story. If I were proceeding at a more leisurely pace, I would...
Economic growth and investment in children.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... IT WAS THE KIND OF SCENE YOU EXPECT to witness only in the movies, something that happens to other people but not to you. I was giving a talk to a group of economists in Finland. Someone entered the lecture hall from the back and interrupted....
Mechanisms of brain development and their role in health and well-being.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... THERE IS ABUNDANT EVIDENCE that the brain influences many organ systems within the body, including the cardiovascular system(1) and the immune system.(2) There is also evidence that the brain's influence on these nonneural systems can help to...
The lifelong impact of childhood experiences: a population health perspective.
September 22, 1994... IT IS GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT EARLY childhood experiences have a powerful effect on one's life. Many late twentieth-century institutions and orthodoxies about childhood development have been based on this belief. We try to protect the physical,...
Towards a system of health statistics.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... IT IS A COMMONPLACE THAT WE LIVE in the "information age." Yet, in the area of health we have inherited a hodgepodge of data collection systems that are seriously limited with respect to current thinking. This is particularly true for the range...
Social differentials in health within and between populations.(Health and Wealth)
September 22, 1994... INTRODUCTION
BETWEEN 1965 AND 1990, LIFE EXPECTANCY for both men and women improved by six years (from sixty-eight to seventy-four and from seventy-four to eighty, respectively) in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and...