Construction and Building Materials articles from February 2009

Construction and Building Materials archives from February 2009

Valorization of galvanic sludge in sulfoaluminate cement.(Formula)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Every year increasing amounts of industrial waste are generated worldwide. Depending on their characteristics, wastes can represent an important source of secondary raw materials in order to replace natural resources. In this...

Influence of natural coarse aggregate size, mineralogy and water content on the permeability of structural concrete.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This experimental work discusses the relevance of natural coarse aggregates of different geological sources in the permeability of structural concrete. Good quality granite, basalt, calcareous and marble natural coarse aggregates,...

Influence of coal bottom ash as fine aggregate on fresh properties of concrete.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper investigates the influence of the use of coal bottom ash as a replacement for natural fine aggregates on the properties of concrete in the fresh state. Tests for water loss through bleeding, and the determination of the...

Experimental and numerical analysis of a halved and tabled traditional timber scarf joint.
February 1, 2009... Abstract Traditionally constructed heavy timber trusses, found in timber framed buildings and bridges, employ various traditional joints, among them the lower chord scarf joint. This paper examines the behavior of a halved and tabled scarf...

Strength and durability of concrete incorporating crushed limestone sand.
February 1, 2009... Abstract In recent years, there is a growing interest in the use of crushed sand obtained from limestone quarries in some countries where river sand is not widely available. The fines content is usually high in crushed sand which can...

Impacts of impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of the laminated wood materials produced combination of beech and poplar veneers.
February 1, 2009... Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of impregnation with boron compounds Borax ([B.sub.x]), Boric acid ([B.sub.A]), [B.sub.x] + [B.sub.A], Imersol-Aqua ([I.sub.AQUA]) and Timbercare-Aqua ([T.sub.AQUA]) on...

The effect of Persian Gulf tidal zone exposure on durability of mixes containing silica fume and blast furnace slag.
February 1, 2009... Abstract In this research the performance of cement paste and concrete mixes incorporating 7% and 10% of silica fume (SF) as a cement replacement was investigated in three exposure conditions. The results showed that plain type 11 portland...

Ceramic tiling inspection system.
February 1, 2009... Abstract This paper presents a proposal of an expert system for inspection and diagnosis of defects in adhesive ceramic wall or floor tiling (ACT), specifically developed for recent buildings. The system proposed includes a classification...

Metakaolin in the formulation of UHPC.(Ultra High Performance Concrete)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Silica fumes have characteristics that make them exceptional in cement matrices and, in particular, in UHPC. Nevertheless, they have important disadvantages: lack of availability, cost and color. The search for substitute products...

Effect of moisture transfer on specific heat of gypsum plasterboard at high temperatures.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper describes a combined numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer in gypsum plasterboard when exposed to fire. The outputs of this analysis include temperature, moisture content and pressure distributions in gypsum...

Preparation of load-bearing building materials from autoclaved phosphogypsum.
February 1, 2009... Abstract Previous studies have been carried out on calcined phosphogypsum (PG) for making the building materials. The present study was focused on autoclaved PG and its use in making load-bearing wall bricks. Autoclaved PG was prepared...

Investigating mix proportions of high strength self compacting concrete by using Taguchi method.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT In this study, mix proportion parameters of high strength self compacting concrete (HSSCC) are analyzed by using the Taguchi's experiment design methodology for optimal design. For that purpose, mixtures are designed in a...

Production of low cost self compacting concrete using bagasse ash.
February 1, 2009... Abstract Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a development of conventional concrete, in which the use of vibrator for compaction is no more required. This property of self compacting concrete has made its use more attractive all over the...

Long-term damage of historic masonry: a probabilistic model.
February 1, 2009... Abstract Creep and the creep-fatigue interaction have shown to strongly influence the mechanical behaviour of ancient masonry and long-term heavy loads proved to cause a continuous damage. The problem of achieving a reliable life-time...

A model for predicting the carbonation depth of concrete containing low-calcium fly ash.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Low-calcium fly ash (FL) is a general product from the combustion of anthracite and bituminous coals and has been widely used as a mineral admixture to produce high strength and high performance concrete. Carbonation of cement...

Petrographic identification of alkali-silica reactive aggregates in concrete from 20th century bridges.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Cracks and white coatings have been observed in a number of concrete bridges constructed during the 20th century. The observed damage phenomena have been attributed to the alkali--silica reaction (ASR) after following detailed...

Utilization of weathered basic oxygen furnace slag in the production of hydraulic road binders.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper deals with the use of a weathered basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as a main constituent in hydraulic road hinder. The original idea of this study was to associate the BOF slag with ground granulated blast furnace slag...

Aerospace technology for strengthening of bridges.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT A fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite jacket was applied to the reinforced concrete pier caps of the Silver Spring Cove Bridge in Rhode Island. Since this highway overpass bordered a nearby marina, the corrosive environment...

Effects of environmental factors on the adhesion and durability characteristics of epoxy-bonded concrete prisms.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This work is concerned with the effects of environmental factors on the adhesion and durability characteristics of epoxy-bonded concrete prisms. The results indicate that the presence of liquid water at the interracial zone during...

Corrosion of steel rebar embedded in natural pozzolan based mortars exposed to chlorides.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Corrosion of steel is considered the most important durability problem of reinforced concrete. The application of supplementary cementitious materials has been proposed in order to mitigate this durability problem, reduce the...

Study of the reactivity of cement/metakaolin binders at early age for specific use in steam cured precast concrete.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of a hydration study performed in order to explain the significant increase in compressive strength at one day of age observed on steam cured mortars when 25% by mass of cement was replaced with a...

Lateral load response of steel fiber reinforced concrete model piles in cohesionless soil.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT It has been long recognized that piles could be damaged under major lateral loading environments. Precautions such as increasing pile dimensions or reinforcement to avoid damages were often proved to be inadequate for satisfactory...

Effect of the environment temperature on the chloride diffusion through CEM-I and CEM-V mortars: an experimental study.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper documents the influence of the temperature level (5, 21 and 35[degrees]C) on the chloride penetration through cementitious materials. Mortars based on CEM-I and CEM-V type cements are tested. Results on chloride...

Hydro-abrasive erosion of concrete incorporating ground blast-furnace slag and ground basaltic pumice.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT In this research work, an attempt has been made to find the suitability of the ground blast-furnace slag (GBS) and ground basaltic pumice (GBP) as a possible substitute for conventional crushed fine aggregate. The main purpose of...

Long-term evolution of delayed ettringite and gypsum in Portland cement mortars under sulfate erosion.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The magnitude evolution of ettringite and gypsum in hydrated Portland cement mortars due to sulfate attack was detected by X-ray powder diffraction. The influences of sulfate concentration and water-to-cement ratio on the...

Interfacial interactions in concretes with silica fume and SBR latex.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper deals with the effect of silica fume and styrene-butadiene latex (SBR) on the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between Portland cement paste and aggregates (basalt). Scanning electron microscope...

Performance of reinforced concrete beams externally prestressed with fiber composites.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of an experimental study to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams that have reached their ultimate bearing capacities and then retrofitted with externally prestressed...

Influence of parent concrete on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete.(Statistical table)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper discusses first the properties of recycled aggregates derived from parent concrete (PC) of three strengths, each of them made with three maximum sizes of aggregates. The relative physical and mechanical properties of...

Non-destructive evaluation of concrete physical condition using radar and artificial neural networks.(Statistical table)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper deals with the combination of radar technology and artificial neural networks (ANN) for the non-destructive evaluation of the water and chloride contents of concrete. Two networks were trained and tested to predict...

Deterioration of dolostone by magnesium sulphate salt: an example of incompatible building materials at Bonaval Monastery, Spain.(Statistical table)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Since its abandonment 185 years ago, the XII century Santa Maria de Bonaval Monastery located in Guadalajara (Spain) has suffered significant deterioration: first the roof was lost, followed by partial collapse of the walls,...

Strengthening of RC beams in shear using GFRP inclined strips--an experimental study.(Statistical data)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Though there have been a number of studies on shear strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer sheets, the behaviour of FRP strengthened beams in shear is not fully understood. This is partly due to...

Bond strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer ribbed rebars in normal strength concrete.(Statistical table)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Ninety pullout specimens were used to study the bond behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) ribbed rebars with thirty different specially designed rib geometries to the normal strength concrete. The test variables were...

Study on the influence of attached mortar content on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate.(Statistical data)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Recycled concrete aggregates mainly differ from natural aggregates in that they are composed of two different materials: natural aggregate and cement mortar attached. It is well known that cement mortar content affects other...

Examining the frost resistance of high performance concrete.(Statistical table)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The experimental program investigated the need for air entrainment in high performance concrete (HPC). Concrete mixtures with varying water to cementitious material ratios (w/cm) were subjected to ASTM C 666 (Procedure A). The...

Impact of air intrusion on the wind uplift performance of fully bonded roofing assemblies.(Statistical data)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Wind performance investigation is critical in the design of durable roofing assemblies. In North America, mainly two types of low slope roofs, conventional and inverted, are in practice depending on the placement of the membrane...

Assessing alkali-silica reaction damage to concrete with non-destructive methods: from the lab to the field.(Statistical table)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The effectiveness of any non-destructive (ND) procedure for evaluating the damage to concrete depends on the relation between physical and mechanical properties. With this attempt, this paper deals with the application of three ND...

Analysis of durability of high performance concrete using artificial neural networks.(Statistical data)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the influence of the content of water and cement, water-binder ratio, and the replacement of fly ash and silica fume on the durability of high performance concrete (HPC) by using artificial neural...

Integration of durability with structural design: an optimal life cycle cost based design procedure for reinforced concrete structures.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The durability design of concrete structures is traditionally based on implicit and prescriptive requirements for materials, material constituents and structural dimensions. With the use of such rules, it is however not possible...

Finite element analysis of thin GFRC panels reinforced with FRP.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) incorporating fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bar reinforcement is potentially an ideal composite material for the manufacture of thin structural elements due to its superior durability over...

Evaluation of the laboratory prediction of surface properties of bituminous mixtures.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT An experimental and analytical investigation was carried out both in laboratory and in situ on wearing courses. The approach presented in this paper aims to predict the in situ density and surface properties of bituminous layers,...

Experimental study on sound and damaged mortar: variation of ultrasonic parameters with porosity.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The relationship between porosity and ultrasonic parameters of mortar was studied. In order to enhance the sensitivity of the ultrasonic wave to microstructural changes, a high frequency range, 0.6-1.2 MHz, was chosen. The...

Oil shale amended raw clay: firing transformations and ceramic properties.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Effects of oil shale additions (up to 20 wt.%) on the firing transformations and ceramic properties (water absorption, firing shrinkage and bending strength) of an illitic-chloritic non-calcareous raw clay were investigated in the...

Coupled heat and moisture transfer in multi-layer building materials.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT A dynamic mathematical model for simulating the coupled heat and moisture migration through multilayer porous building materials was proposed. Vapor content and temperature were chosen as the principal driving potentials. The...

Effect of used-foundry sand on the mechanical properties of concrete.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Used-foundry sand is a by-product of ferrous and nonferrous metal casting industries. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed...

Effects of limestone crusher dust and steel fibers on concrete.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Effects of crusher dust content in aggregate on properties of fresh and hardened concrete are not very well known. On the other hand, it is known that short discrete fibers delay the propagation of microcracks and improve some...

Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration ash in stone mastic asphalt mixture: pavement performance and environmental impact.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to the use of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregate or mineral filler in stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture. For saving natural rock and reusing...

Relation of mechanical properties of recycled aged CRM mixtures with binder molecular size distribution.(crumb rubber modifier)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper presents an experimental analysis of the relationship between molecular sizes of mixed rubberized binders (aged rubberized binders + virgin rubberized binders) and the engineering properties of recycled aged rubberized...

Influence of aging on the evolution of structure, morphology and theology of base and SBS modified bitumen.(styrene-butadiene-styrene)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The influence of aging on the evolution of structure, morphology and rheology of base bitumen and SBS modified binders was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic shear...

Properties and hydration of blended cements with mineral alunite.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The present research study investigates the effect of mixing ordinary Portland cement with alunite, a mineral of the jarosite group. For this purpose, a reference sample and three mixtures were produced by substituting cement up...

Bond strength and transversal deformation aging on cement-polymer adhesive mortar.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Polymer-modified mortar is widely used to set ceramic tiles used as external finishing for high rise buildings in countries such as Brazil, Israel, Singapore and Portugal, mainly because it shows better bond strength and...

Influences of crumb rubber size and type on reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Over the years, recycling has become one of the most attractive pavement rehabilitation alternatives, and different recycling methods are now available to address specific pavement distresses and structural needs. The objective of...

Sound insulation of fibre reinforced mud brick walls.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to find a better alternative for the insulation of industrial noise and to improve the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced mud bricks. It was observed that the fibre reinforced mud bricks fulfill the...

Performance of limestone cement mortars in a high sulfates environment.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT With the aim of studying the influence of cement composition on resistance in high sulfates environment, standard mortars have been produced using ordinary Portland cement (CEM I-32.5) and limestone cement with 35% limestone (CEM...

Effect of mineral admixtures and curing periods on shrinkage and cracking age under restrained condition.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper presents the test results on cracking behavior at medium age of uniaxially restrained specimens containing different types of mineral admixture, namely fly ash and limestone powder. In this study, the uniaxially...

Measurement radius of reinforcing steel bar in concrete using digital image GPR.(Ground penetrating radar)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is currently one of the most efficient sensors used for the detection of dielectric cylindrical objects buried under concrete. Physical and theoretical modeling and experimental results of buried...

Experimental and finite element analysis on the steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams ultimate behavior.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Steel fiber-added reinforced concrete (SFRC) applications have become widespread in areas such as higher upper layers, tunnel shells, concrete sewer pipes, and slabs of large industrial buildings. Usage of SFRC in load-carrying...

Bulk engineering and durability properties of washed glass sand concrete.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The paper reports the results of an experimental programme aimed at examining the performance of Portland-cement concrete produced with washed glass sand (WGS), as natural sand substitute- by mass, The effects of up to 50% WGS on...

Use of crumb rubber to improve thermal and sound properties of pre-cast concrete panel.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT In this study, the thermal and sound properties of crumb rubber concrete panel were investigated. The crumb rubber from used tires, produced in a local recycling plant, was used to replace fine aggregate at ratios of 10%, 20% and...

Determination of cleanability and wearing of plastic flooring surfaces in field and laboratory conditions.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Plastic surfaces are used widely as flooring materials in public and residential buildings. When new floor coverings are developed, both field and laboratory tests are needed. In this study the tendency to soiling and wearing and...

Behaviour of eccentric loading of FRP confined fibre steel reinforced concrete columns.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper presents results of testing 16 specimens, 12 of which as columns under different eccentricities and four as beams under four point loading regime. All 16 specimens were circular in cross section and were made of...

A simplified mechanical model to assess the bearing capacity of masonry walls: theory and experimental validation.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper deals with the hearing capacity of masonry walls under lateral loads. Four different series of experimental measures have been collected, representing a total number of 20 walls tested at the Scientific and Technical...

Use of low CaO unprocessed steel slag in concrete as fine aggregate.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Steel slag, which is produced locally in great amounts, has a negative impact on the environment when disposed. Local steel slag has a low CaO content and has no pozzolanic activity. In this research, local unprocessed steel slag...

Characterization of a lateritic geomaterial and its elaboration through a chemical route.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The development of a laterite-based geomaterial, mimicking naturally occurring concretions in lateritic soils, through a chemical route has been investigated in this paper. The elaboration process involves an acidic dissolution...

Finite element description of nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour of technical fabric.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The proposal of the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour description of textile material is presented in this work. The considered fabric is made of two polyester thread families woven perpendicularly to each other with double side...

Rheology and hardened properties of single-coat render mortars with different types of water retaining agents.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT This paper compares the effect of two different water retaining agents in single-coat render mortars. The water retaining agent used in the experiments were cellulose methyl-hydroxypropyl and super absorbent polymers with various...

Admixtures effect on fresh state properties of aerial lime based mortars.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Especially in rehabilitation works, the use of lime based mortars have been increasing due to the need of compatibility between the old and the new materials. The mortars fresh state properties are extremely important since...

A new approach to the characterisation of particle shape and surface properties of powders employed in concrete industry.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Development of high-performance and versatile cement-based materials like self-compacting concrete (SCC) and reactive powder concrete (RPC) has increased the research on inert and semi-inert powders. Today, the characterisation of...

Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete.
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Many structures in the middle-east's Gulf region are now either reaching the end of their design life or were not constructed according to the specifications. Demolition or maintenance work on such structures results in large...

Assessment of water absorption and chloride ion penetration of pavement quality concrete admixed with wollastonite and microsilica.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Wollastonite with or without microsilica was evaluated as a new material for partial replacement of cement in M40 grade pavement quality concrete. Wollastonite is abundantly available in the Udaipur belt of Rajasthan state in the...

Fly ash addition in clayey materials to improve the quality of solid bricks.(Report)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT The technical quality of two compositionally different groups of solid bricks fired between 800 and 1000 [degrees]C was evaluated. Five weight percentage of fly ash was added to both groups and they were compared with similar...

Application of electro-mechanical impedance sensing technique for online monitoring of strength development in concrete using smart PZT patches.(Technical Note)
February 1, 2009... ABSTRACT Electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) sensing technique utilizing smart piezoelectric materials has emerged as a potential tool for the implementation of an online monitoring system for structural health monitoring. Many...

Calendar.(Calendar)
February 1, 2009... Calendar Event Date and venue Details from 2009 APCS 2009--The 9th 27-29 May Contact: APCS 2009 Asian Pacific Noyori Conference Secretariat, Graduate Conference...