The Historian articles from September 22 1997

The Historian archives from September 22 1997

The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier: 1204-1760.
September 22, 1997... By Richard M. Eaton. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993/1996. Pp. xxvii, 359. $47.50/$17.50. These two titles clearly demonstrate the current vitality of early modern South Asian history in the United States, and it is easy to...

Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar 1733-1820.
September 22, 1997... By Kumkum Chatterjee. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. Pp. xii, 273. $89.95.) These two titles clearly demonstrate the current vitality of early modern South Asian history in the United States, and it is easy to be enthusiastic about their...

Africans: The History of a Continent.
September 22, 1997... By John Iliffe. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 323. $17.95.) Until the late 1950s, histories of Africa generally focused on Europeans in Africa. With independence in the 1960s, historians shifted their attention to...

The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in a Southern African Kingdom.
September 22, 1997... By Paul Stuart Landau. (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann; Cape Town: David Philip; London: James Curry, 1995. Pp. xxx, 249. $24.95.) In this work the author attempts something ambitious, to explain how Africans understood, reformulated, and acted...

Eunuchs and Sacred Boundaries in Islamic Society.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Shaun Marmon. (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. xii, 162. $42.00.) The author of this small volume has produced a work that is sui generic. A mixture of history, religious studies, anthropology, and, less directly,...

Re-Inventing the Jewish Past: European Jewish Intellectuals and the Zionist Return to History.
September 22, 1997... By David N. Myers. (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. vii, 247. $49.95.) This book richly details the rise of "Jewish Studies" in the context of the fledgling Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The author provides a...

Women and the Political Process in Twentieth Century Iran.
September 22, 1997... By Parvin Paidar. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xvi, 401. $59.95.) Considering its topic and approach, this work is a timely publication. Parvin Paidar develops a critical, historical, and interdisciplinary approach that...

Are We Not Also Men? The Samkange Family and African Politics in Zimbabwe 1920-64.
September 22, 1997... By Terence Ranger. (Harare: Baobab; Cape Town: David Philip; Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann; London: James Currey, 1995. Pp. xii, 211. $60.00.) At first glance, this book appears to be a straightforward, scholarly history of an African family,...

Thread of Blood: Colonialism, Revolution and Gender on Mexico's Northern Frontier.
September 22, 1997... By Ana Maria Alonso. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 303. $19.95.) In this felicitous combination of the perspectives of ethnography and history, the author has given us a fascinating picture of the northern Mexican...

Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Stephen E. Ambrose. (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996. Pp. 496. $27.50.) This work is the story of two magnificent obsessions. The first, as is obvious from the title, is the epic of love of exploration that drew Meriwether Lewis and...

A History of the South, Vol. 11, The New South: 1945-1980.
September 22, 1997... By Numan V. Bartley. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995. Pp. xiii, 548. $39.95.) In this book, the author covers one of the most remarkable periods in Southern history and strongly affirms the decision to extend the...

Our Southern Zion: A History of Calvinism in the Southern Carolina Low Country, 1690-1990.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Erskine Clarke. (Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press, 1996. Pp. vii, 429. $47.95.) Oftentimes, the title promises far more than the book actually delivers. Happily, the reverse is true of Our Southern Zion. It is an...

The Landscape of Belief: Encountering the Holy Land in Nineteenth-Century American Art and Culture.
September 22, 1997... By John Davis. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. xviii, 264. $65.00.) The Holy Land had fascinated Protestant Americans since the seventeenth century, for they imagined their country as a new Jerusalem and looked to the...

America's Secret War Against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920.
September 22, 1997... By David S. Foglesong. (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Pp. xiv, 386. $45.00.) David S. Foglesong has written a compelling and meticulously researched study of the role of American secret diplomacy and...

Telltale Hearts: The Origins and Impact of the Vietnam Antiwar Movement.
September 22, 1997... By Adam Garfinkle. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. Pp. xiii, 370. $24.95.) Assessing the impact of antiwar protest on the politics of the Vietnam War and on subsequent American political culture, Adam Garfinkle characterizes the...

Oil, Banks, and Politics: The United States and Postrevolutionary Mexico, 1917-1924.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Linda B. Hall. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995. Pp. x, 220. $17.95.) The story of the stormy relations between the United States and Mexico during the Mexican revolutions and civil wars of the early twentieth century is well...

George Washington's Schooners: The First American Navy.
September 22, 1997... By Chester G. Hearn. (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1995. Pp. 285. $36.95.) During the American Revolution the U.S. never mounted a serious challenge to British naval power at a national level, but American efforts to expand the war...

Harry Byrd of Virginia.
September 22, 1997... By Ronald L. Heinemann. (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1996. Pp. x, 511. $29.50.) Ronald L. Heinemann's life-and-times biography of Harry F. Byrd, Sr., Virginia's preeminent politician of the twentieth century,...

The Box: An Oval History of Television, 1920-1961.
September 22, 1997... By Jeff Kisseloff. (New York: Viking Press, 1995. Pp. 592. $26.95.) The author of this study presents and preserves the history of an industry--from the inventive genius of Philo Farnsworth and the technical mastery of Allen DuMont, to the...

Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies.
September 22, 1997... By Robert Middlekauff. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996. Pp. xx, 255. $22.00.) The thesis of this book is that Franklin "responded unevenly to crisis. . . sometimes ignoring reason. . . when fear and anger took...

The Life of Jedediah Morse: A Station of Peculiar Exposure.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Richard J. Moss. (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1995. Pp. xiv, 175. $28.00.) It is easy to depict Jedediah Morse as a cantankerous defender of the old New England orthodoxies in the new age of post-Revolutionary America....

FDR and the Holocaust.
September 22, 1997... Edited by Verne W. Newton. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 278. $49.95.) For well over a decade, scholars and informed citizens in the United States have hotly debated the thesis that the Anglo-American world willfully failed...

Political Power in Alabama: The More Things Change ....
September 22, 1997... By Anne Permaloff and Carl Grafton. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995. Pp. 389. $50.00.) In his definitive 1949 study of Southern politics, political scientist V. O. Key, Jr., noted how the various states of the Deep South, despite...

Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays.
September 22, 1997... By Leigh Eric Schmidt. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. xvi, 363. $24.95.) Between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, merchants created a "new economy of celebration," as society made a "transition from a Puritan world...

Texas, New Mexico, and the Compromise of 1850: Boundary Dispute and Sectional Crisis.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Mark J. Stegmaier. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1996. Pp. xii, 434. $39.00.) Readers may be surprised by the thesis of this book. The Fugitive Slave Act, the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia, the...

Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Arthur L. Stinchcombe. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. xvii, 361. $45.00.) The author of this study is a sociologist who has undertaken the formidable task of describing the political sociology of the Caribbean from the...

The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb.
September 22, 1997... By Dennis D. Wainstock. (Westport: Praeger, 1996. Pp. ix, 180. $55.00.) In the preface to this study, the author proposes providing a "general history" of Japan's attempts to surrender at the end of World War II and the United States'...

Japan Encounters the Barbarian: Japanese Travellers in America and Europe.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By W. G. Beasley. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 252. $30.00.) Many Americans, even non-specialists on Japan, are aware that a significant number of Japanese visited the United States and other Western countries...

China's Warlords.
September 22, 1997... By David Bonavia. (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. xviii, 213. $24.95.) In China's Warlords, the late journalist, David Bonavia, provides a readable introduction to the militarists who dominated early twentieth-century China....

The British Raj in India: An Historical Review.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By S. M. Burke and Salim Al-Din Quraishi. (Karachi and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. 699. $75.00.) Although there are numerous textbooks on the history of India from Plassey to the present, a number of attributes make this text...

Neighborhood and Nation in Tokyo: 1905-1937.
September 22, 1997... By Sally Ann Hastings. (Pittsburgh and London: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995. Pp. x, 274. $59.95.) This imaginative, if expensive, book brings to light the positive aspects of the political process in early twentieth-century Japan and...

The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Michael H. Hunt. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 343. $34.50.) The history of Chinese Communist foreign relations is an emerging field. For a long time, U.S. historians of China stayed away from the subject, leaving...

The State in India: 1000-1700.
September 22, 1997... Edited, with an introduction, by Hermann Kulke. (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 367. $29.95.) This excellent volume is one of the Oxford series on themes in Indian history. Even though the recent trend of edited works in...

God's Chinese Son: The Taipei Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Jonathan Spence. (New York and London: W. W. Norton & Co., 1996. Pp. xxvii, 400. $27.50.) Jonathan Spence offers in this volume an engaging account of the Taiping Rebellion, the momentous religious and social movement that shook much of...

Global Space and the Nationalist Discourse of Modernity: The Historical Thinking of Liang Qichao.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Xiaobing Tang. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 289. $39.50.) This book is largely a reinterpretation of the intellectual development of Liang Qichao (1873-1929), especially Liang's historical thinking. Although not...

Plekhanov In Russian History and Soviet Historiography.
September 22, 1997... By Samuel H. Baron. (Pittsburgh and London: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995. Pp. xiv, 274. $59.95.) Having begun his political career as a committed populist, Georgii Plekhanov rejected populism in the early 1880s as utopian and turned...

Narrating the Thirties: A Decade in the Making: 1930 to the Present.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By John Baxendale and Chris Pawling. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 212. $49.95.) Historians find labels a convenient way of packaging the past. We oversimplify as we teach the "Gay Nineties" or the "Roaring Twenties," but...

Dismembering the Male: Men's Bodies, Britain and the Great War.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... by Joanna Bourke. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Pp. 336. $32.50.) This study focuses on the impact of the First World War on the bodies of Englishmen, the bodies of those who served in the military forces and of those who...

The Fortunes of the Courtier: The European Reception of Castiglione's 'Cortegiano.'(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Peter Burke. (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 210. $16.95.) This volume examines the reception of Castiglione's The Courtier from its publication in 1528 until the end of the seventeenth century. In the...

The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Anna Clark. (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1995. Pp. xv, 416. $35.00.) Anna Clark's earlier work relied on the evidence of assault cases before the Old Bailey to illustrate domestic abuse and violence...

Petersburg, Crucible of Cultural Revolution.
September 22, 1997... By Katerina Clark. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995. Pp. xiv, 377. $39.95.) Analyzing the interaction between intellectuals and the new Bolshevik regime during the first decades of Soviet rule, Katerina Clark argues that "the...

'England Arise!'': The Labour Party and Popular Politics in 1940s Britain.
September 22, 1997... By Steven Fielding, Peter Thompson, and Nick Tiratsoo. (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1995. Pp. ix, 244. $24.95.) This work is an ambitious study of the attitudes of the electorate and of the perceptions of the...

Gender, Sex and Subordination in England: 1500-1800.
September 22, 1997... By Anthony Fletcher. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii, 442. $40.00.) At the beginning of this large and important survey of patriarchy in early modern England, the author issues a significant disclaimer. It is,...

Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages.
September 22, 1997... By Frances Gies and Joseph Gies. (New York: Harper Perennial Publishers, 1995. Pp. 357. $14.00.) The stated intention of this book is admirably fulfilled: "the identification of the main technological elements that entered significantly...

Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotions of Civil War.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Robert Alan Gurval. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995, Pp. xiv, 338, $45.50) The dust jacket of this book claims that it is "written to include the general reader," but it seems that only those historians who are concerned...

German Thought and Culture from the Holy Roman Empire to the Present Day.
September 22, 1997... By H.J. Hahn. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. Pp. 251. $19.95) Writing introductory surveys for undergraduate students is a thankless business. Reviewing them, however, has perhaps even fewer satisfactions. H. J. Hahn has...

The World of the Paris Cafe: Sociability among the French Working Class, 1789-1914.
September 22, 1997... By W. Scott Haine. (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Pp.vii, 325. $39.50.) This exploration of the working-class cafe in nineteenth-century Paris combines institutional and cultural history to interesting...

Citizens of the World: London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735-1785.
September 22, 1997... By David Hancock. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xxiii, 477. $59.95.) Scots were the bane of eighteenth-century Londoners. Brought under the sway of the extensive and growing British Empire with the 1707 Act of Union,...

Early Modern Democracy in the Grisons: Social Order and Political Language in a Swiss Mountain Canton.
September 22, 1997... By Randolph C. Head. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 1995. Pp. xvii. $59.95.) This monograph provides the first political history in English of the Grisons, a sovereign confederation of rural communes and small towns...

The Arming of Europe and the Making of the First World War.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By David G. Herrmann. (Princeton: University Press. 1996. Pp. xiii, 307. $39.50.) The explanations for the cause of World War I are both complex and numerous. They range from the major intellectual trends of European civilization, such as...

The Rise and Fall of the British Empire.
September 22, 1997... By Lawrence James. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. Pp. xvi, 704, $35.00.) This very readable history of the British Empire takes its title perhaps a bit too literally for its own good and devotes equal time to the rise and to the fall...

Urbanization and Crime: Germany, 1871-1914.
September 22, 1997... By Eric A. Johnson. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 246. $44.95.) In this rich volume, Eric A. Johnson undertakes a task that historians far too often over-look: the painstaking reexamination of received scholarly...

Russian Overseas Commerce with Great Britain During the Reign of Catherine II.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Herbert H. Kaplan. (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1995. Pp. xxxii, 309. $40.00.) With the publication of this book, the author brings to monographic conclusion the research of several decades on the volume and value of...

The Czech Fascist Movement: 1922-1942.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By David Kelly. (Boulder: East European Monographs, 1995. Pp. xii, 243. $50.00.) This book is an exhaustive examination of Czech fascism, one of the most neglected chapters in the history of interwar East-Central Europe. David Kelly's work...

The Rebirth of the Habsburg Army: Friedrich Beck and the Rise of the General Staff.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Scott W. Lackey. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995. Pp. 272. $59.95.) Scott W. Lackey's copiously researched study concerns the historically obscure Count Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowski (1830-1920), head of Franz Joseph's military...

The Rise and Fall of Revolutionary England: An Essay on the Fabrication of Seventeenth Century History.
September 22, 1997... By Alastair MacLachlan. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 431. $39.95.) The title of this pugnacious book makes clear MacLachlan's purpose: to chart the vicissitudes in Marxist interpretations of England's...

Revolutionary Government in Ireland, Dail Eireann, 1919-22.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Arthur Mitchell. (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1995. Pp. xii, 423. $35.00.) This book examines the "counter-state" that was set up in Ireland during its War of Independence. The counter-state, represented by its government, Dail Eireann,...

The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy.
September 22, 1997... By Hans Mommsen. Translated by Elborg Forster and Larry Eugene Jones. (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996. Pp. xv, 604. $65.00.) The Weimar experiment lasted only 14 years--some of its early chroniclers,...

Monks and Laymen in Byzantium: 843-1118.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Rosemary Morris. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii, 330. $64.95.) The author sees her focus as the interaction between the laity and the monasteries. In this study Rosemary Morris concentrates on the areas of lay...

Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Charles G. Nauert Jr. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 237. $49.95.) One would have thought it impossible to write such a book, but Charles Nauert has done it. In six short chapters, without footnotes, but with...

Good Newes from Fraunce: French Anti-League Propaganda in Late Elizabethan England.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Lisa Ferraro Parmelee. (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 204. $45.00.) The last stage of the French Religious Wars of the sixteenth century saw a famous pamphlet war between the supporters of Henri IV and those...

The Game of Death in Ancient Rome: Arena Sport and Political Suicide.
September 22, 1997... By Paul Plass. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Pp. 283. $48.75.) In this study the author juxtaposes gladiatorial combat and political resistance (to the point of suicide) among the senatorial elite in order to illustrate...

Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City-State.
September 22, 1997... By Francois de Polignac. Translated by Janet Lloyd. Foreword by Claude Mousse. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Pp. xvi, 187. $14.95.) An English translation of this important book on the origins of the Greek state...

Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Zeev Sternhell. Translated by David Maisel. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. xxxv, 416. $18.95.) History is always politics in France, and this book, first published in Paris in 1983, is a grand example of that maxim....

'The Gentle Voices of Teachers': Aspects of Learning in the Carolingian Age.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... Edited by Richard E. Sullivan. (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1995. Pp. xiv, 361. $18.50.) How civilized was the Carolingian classroom, and how gentle were its teachers? There are indications that the dynamic forces that drove...

Jutland, the German Perspective: A New View of the Great Battle, 31 May 1916.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By V. E. Tarrant. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995. Pp. 318. $32.95.) The Battle of Jutland has been analyzed repeatedly for 80 years, and this study, by the author of several books on British and German naval history, is a joy...

Byzantium and Its Army: 284-1081.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Warren Treadgold. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. Pp. xii, 250. $39.50.) The author of this study has provided six chapters, three of which are very general and almost textbook-like in nature, and three more that are highly...

The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917-1940.
September 22, 1997... By Georg von Rauch. Translated by Gerald Onn. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. Pp. xvii, 265. $17.95.) The republication of this volume by the late German Slavist, Georg von Rauch (1904-1991), is a bit of a surprise. First published as...

Winston Churchill's Last Campaign: Britain and the Cold War, 1951-1955.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By John Young. (Oxford: Claredon Press, 1996. Pp. vii, 358. $72.00) This fine scholarly work demonstrates that Churchill was no mere ideologue of the Cold War, although U.S. and Soviet leaders continued to identify him with his "Iron...

Prehistories of the Future: The Primitivist Project and the Culture of Modernism.
September 22, 1997... Edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995. Pp. xii, 449, $55.00) The affinities between modernism and primitivism go well beyond their contemporarity, as this volume amply illustrates. The 16 authors...

The Geography of Perversion: Male-to-Male Sexual Behavior Outside the West and the Ethnographic Imagination.(Brief Article)
September 22, 1997... By Rudi C. Bleys. (New York: New York University Press, 1995. Pp. 328. $37.50.) The past decades have witnessed a growing interest in the history of sexuality, but this work is the first study to investigate systematically the development...

The Origins of Modern Freedom in the West.
September 22, 1997... Edited, with an Introduction and Epilogue, by R. W. Davis (Stanford: University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 384. $49.50.) This work is the latest in the series, "Making of Modern Freedom," from the Center for the History of Freedom at Washington...

Unfree Labour in the Development of the Atlantic World.
September 22, 1997... Edited by Paul E. Lovejoy and Nicholas Rogers. (London: Frank Cass, 1994. Pp. 226. $35.00) One measure of the academic success of a conference is how much the scholars who were present stimulated new thinking. Ideally, they provide coherent...

Cooperation Among Democracies: The European Influence on U.S. Foreign Policy.
September 22, 1997... By Thomas Risse-Kappen. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 250. $35.00.) This valuable reassessment of Western alliance diplomacy during the Cold War examines several case studies (including Korea, Suez, Test Ban talks,...

Irish America and the Ulster Conflict 1968-1995.
September 22, 1997... By Andrew J. Wilson. (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1995. Pp. xiii, 322. $14.95.) This contemporary political survey is part history, part current affairs, and part speculation, but it is an altogether necessary...

Interview with Mary Beth Norton.(Interview)
September 22, 1997... Born in Michigan in 1943, reared and educated in Indiana, Norton earned her bachelor's degree at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and her master's and doctoral degrees from Harvard University. She has written and edited many works that...

The dilemma of accommodation: reconciling Christianity and Chinese culture in the 1920s.
September 22, 1997... China in the 1920s was open to new ideas and institutions as never before. Chinese intellectuals of the May 4th Movement (1915-21) rejected the old imperial system of government, blaming the preceding Qing dynasty for China's present weakness....

The first Russian diplomat in America: Andrei Dashkov on the new republic.
September 22, 1997... On 1 July 1809, a young Russian nobleman, Andrei Iakovlevich Dashkov (1777-1830), arrived in Philadelphia as the Russian Empire's first diplomat in the United States. Dashkov represented Emperor Alexander I in America during a turbulent decade...

Kodak, FIGHT, and the definition of civil rights in Rochester, New York: 1966-1967. (Freedom-Integration-God-Honor-Today)
September 22, 1997... As the audience jeered, Minister Franklin Delano Roosevelt Florence, a stocky black man with a pencil mustache and an angry expression, stormed out of the April 1967 annual stockholders meeting of the Eastman Kodak Company. In the parking lot,...

The Mexican Catholic Church and constitutional change since 1929.
September 22, 1997... In the wake of Mexico's 1910 Revolution, the new Constitution adopted in 1917 reflected the desire of many revolutionaries to limit the Catholic Church's economic power, political activity, and social authority. Education was secularized, the...

Roger Nash Baldwin, the National Civil Liberties Bureau, and military intelligence during World War I.
September 22, 1997... During the course of the twentieth century Roger Baldwin's name has become inextricably linked with American civil liberties. For nearly 30 years, beginning with its founding in 1920, Baldwin (1884-1981) directed the American Civil Liberties...