The Historian articles from March 1996

The Historian archives from March 1996

Aeromania, "fire-balloons," and Catherine the Great's ban of 1784.
March 22, 1996... This inquiry inflated like a hot-air balloon from three disparate sources. The first was Empress Catherine II's personal order of 4 April 1784 banning balloon flights in Russia from 1 March to 1 December because of the fire hazard "and other...

"Tunisian Victory" and Anglo-American film propaganda in World War II.
March 22, 1996... The story behind the making of the Anglo-American propaganda film Tunisian Victory provides an instructive study of inter-allied tensions during World War II. Tunisian Victory is generally regarded as a primary example of the power of film...

Maryland's Civil War monuments.
March 22, 1996... Maryland's Civil War cemeteries are remarkable for the large number of monuments they contain that are dedicated to the fallen soldiers of both the Union and Confederate armies. Unlike Civil War cemeteries in the South, which are exclusively...

From sainthood to submission: gender images in conservative Protestantism, 1900-1940.
March 22, 1996... "Women are of keener perception when it comes to things spiritually and morally than are men."(1) So evangelist Billy Sunday told his Omaha audience in September 1915. The same message might have come from a Protestant minister almost a...

War against subhumans: comparisons between the German War against the Soviet Union and the American war against Japan, 1941-1945.
March 22, 1996... While both the United States and Germany were principal combatants in the Second World War and confronted many similar challenges, the two societies differed profoundly from one another. The Nazi dictatorship, having built a brutally...

The development of maritime law in medieval Spain: the case of Castile and the Siete Partidas.
March 22, 1996... On 23 November 1248, the Muslim defenders of Seville surrendered to the besieging army of Fernando III (r. 1217-1252) of Castile-Leon. The Castilians had found the conquest of the city particularly difficult. It had required a year of fighting...

Overcoming ethnic and social barriers in colonial British America: the 'meritorious' career of Frederick Haldimand.
March 22, 1996... On 19 April 1775, General Thomas Gage, commander in chief of the British army and governor of Massachusetts, set into motion a series of events that led to a humiliating defeat for the British army at Lexington and Concord. Among the flaws in...

Rosewood, Florida: the destruction of an African American community.
March 22, 1996... A violent racial disturbance took place in Rosewood, Florida during the first week of January 1923 that destroyed the community. Two white men and several blacks were killed and there was extensive property damage. This episode created...

Peter Lombard, 2 vols.
March 22, 1996... By Marcia L. Colish, 2 vols. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994. Pp. xii, 894. $228.75). Peter Lombard was born in Italy, in the region of Novara, around the year 1100. He was known to Bernard of Clairvaux, studied at Paris, and then achieved fame...

Merchant Capital and Economic Decolonization: The United Africa Company, 1929-1987.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By D. K. Fieldhouse. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. Pp. xxvii, 832. $85.00.) The subtitle of this study, The United Africa Company 1929-1987, sums up this book. This is is a history of--and in some ways a product of--the United Africa...

A History of Christianity in Africa: From Antiquity to the Present.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Elizabeth Isichei. (Lawrenceville, N.J.; Africa World Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 420. $19.99.) This book is appropriately centered on Africa. Rather than describing the founding of the missionary societies in the West and their expansion to...

Carthage: A History.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Serge Lancel. Translated by Antonia Nevill. (Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1995. Pp. xvii, 474. $34.95.) While Rome was chafing under the rule of foreign kings, Carthage was expanding her influence into the North African...

From Civilization to Segregation: Social Ideals and Social Control in Southern Rhodesia, 1890-1934.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Carol Summers. (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1994. Pp. xv, 311. $45.00.) This book examines the colonial White Rhodesian social discourse on the development of policies towards the indigenous Black population in Southern Rhodesia,...

The Movement and the Sixties: Protest in America from Greensboro to Wounded Knee.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Terry H. Anderson. (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. xxv, 471. $25.00.) This volume is a lively account of the turbulence experienced by American society after two decades of Cold War. Terry Anderson, a Vietnam...

Better in Darkness: A Biography of Henry Adams, His Second Life, 1862-1891.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Edward Chalfant. (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1994. Pp. 929. $47.50.) While there are many Americans represented in intellectual history, Henry Adams stands head and shoulders above the rest. Any study of the nineteenth century is...

The Limits of Radical Domination: Plebeian Society in Colonial Mexico City, 1660-1720.
March 22, 1996... By R. Douglas Cope. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994. Pp. vii, 220. $17.95.) In this intriguing study the reader is taken inside the predominately mixed-race costa society of Mexico City during the late seventeenth and early...

The Civil War in Popular Culture: A Reusable Past.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Jim Cullen. (Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. Pp. x, 253. $29.95.) Even though it ended over 130 years ago, the Civil War remains a source of fascination and contention for countless Americans. In this book,...

Slavery and Beyond: The African Impact on Latin America and the Caribbean.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Edited by Darien J. Davis. (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1995. Pp. xxvi, 301. $14.95.) Race, Africanity, and diasporic identities are leading themes in contemporary cultural criticism. Davis's excellent volume demonstrates the...

Cold War in the Working Class: The Rise and Decline of the United Electrical Workers.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Ronald L. Filippelli and Mark D. McColloch. (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 296. $19.95.) In this narrative history of the United Electrical Workers (UE), the largest and most important of the left-led unions...

Experts and Politicians: Reform Challenges to Machine Politics in New York, Cleveland, and Chicago.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Kenneth Finegold. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 264. $39.50.) The classic urban political drama of boss versus reformer has been recast in recent years. First, historians redefined each role. Next, they shifted the...

Memory, Myth and Time in Mexico: From the Aztecs to Independence.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Enrique Florescano. Translated by Albert G. Bork with the assistance of Kathryn R. Bork. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. Pp. ix, 282. $32.50.) A multicultural construction of history is the subject of this fascinating book, a...

In the Time of the Americans: FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, Marshall, MacArthur - The Generation That Changed America's Role in the World.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By David Fromkin. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. Pp. xiii, 618. $30.00.) This book is an examination of the American leaders who shaped U.S. foreign policy and managed the difficult transition from isolationism to internationalism in the...

Thomas Paine and the Religion of Nature.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Jack Fruchtman, Jr. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Pp. 215. $32.50.) In this book Jack Fruchtman reminds us that even an iconoclastic thinker like Thomas Paine was a "product of his time as much as he was a herald of...

The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By John Robert Greene. (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1995. Pp. xv, 256. $15.95.) Scholarly interest in the Ford administration has grown since the opening of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library in 1981, but until now no single...

LBJ and Vietnam: A Different Kind of War.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By George C. Herring. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. Pp. xiv, 228. $29.95.) This volume is an interesting, albeit unimaginative, study of Lyndon Johnson's conduct of the Vietnam War. It focuses on Johnson's management of the war...

Nixon Reconsidered.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Joan Hoff. (New York: Basic Books, 1994. Pp. xviii, 475. $30.00.) The outpouring of unrestrained praise following Richard Nixon's death portrayed a person who bore only slight resemblance to the man who resigned the presidency in disgrace...

Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Ari Hoogenboom. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995. Pp. xii, 626. $45.00.) The author begins his latest contribution to our understanding of politics in the United States during the late nineteenth century by emphasizing that...

Santiago de Guatemala: City, Caste, and the Colonial Experience, 1541-1773.
March 22, 1996... By Christopher H. Lutz. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994. Pp. xx, 346. $37.95.) Anyone who is minimally familiar with Guatemala is aware of the depth and complexity of its ethnic divisions. Those who are interested in...

To Have and Have Not: Southeast Asian Raw Materials and the Origins of the Pacific War.
March 22, 1996... Southeast Asian Raw Materials and the Origins of the Pacific War. By Jonathan Marshall. (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1995. Pp. xvi, 280. $28.00.) One of the questions that continually generates debate...

Violence in the Black Patch of Kentucky and Tennessee.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Suzanne Marshall. (Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 1994. Pp. xv, 198. $34.95.) From the antebellum period onward, Americans have cultivated a fetish for portraying southern culture as exceptionally violent. From the...

Forge of Progress, Crucible of Revolt: The Origins of the Mexican Revolution in La Comarca Lagunera, 1880-1911.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... The Origins of the Mexican Revolution in La Comarca Lagunera, 1880-1911. By William K. Meyers. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994. Pp. 293. $39.95.) Regionally based histories of the political economy during the era of...

Salmon P. Chase: A Biography.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By John Niven. (New York Oxford University Press, 1995). Pp. xii, 546. $30.00) If historians have not served Salmon P. Chase well, it is not because he does not deserve a biographical treatment; rather it is because, as Chase's contemporary...

The Confederate Republic: A Revolution Against Politics.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By George C. Rable. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994. Pp. x, 416. $34.95.) This book is a detailed analysis of "the interactions among political culture, events, and leadership" in the South during the Civil War (4)....

Shark of the Confederacy: The Story of the CSS Alabama.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... The Story of the CSS Alabama. By Charles M. Robinson III. (Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1995. Pp. xii, 212. $25.00.) Among Civil War enthusiasts, the exploits of the British-built Confederate raider, the CSS Alabama, have...

Facing Facts: Realism in American Thought and Culture, 1850-1920.
March 22, 1996... By David E. Shi. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. x, 394. $35.00.) Perhaps the English language needs to invent a new word to describe the attitude of this author in Facing Facts. That word would be "acategorical." The word...

Wilsonian Idealism in America.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By David Steigerwald. (Ithaca and London; Cornell University Press, 1994. Pp. xiii, 296. $37.50.) This is an important book, and it is important not only because it is the first history of an influential strain of thought in...

The American Revolution: Nationhood Achieved, 1763-1788.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Harry M. Ward. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. Pp. v, 432. $35.00.) This book, a sequel to the author's study of the colonial period to 1763, is a most provocative and informative volume. The style is trenchant, yet rich in detail...

The General's General: The Life and Times of Arthur MacArthur.
March 22, 1996... By Kenneth Ray Young. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Pp. xv, 400.$32.95) Arthur MacArthur served with distinction in the Civil War. He fought at Perryville, Stones River, and Missionary Ridge. He participated in the Atlanta campaign and...

Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Richard Baum. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. Pp. xviii, 489. $35.00.) In the years since the death of Chairman Mao in 1976, China has undergone sweeping changes which have been as dramatic as the revolution of 1949 itself....

Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Edited by Frederick P. Brandauer and Chun-chieh Huang. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994. Pp. xviii, 312. $40.00.) Traditional China's timeline extends across four millennia, from around 2000 B.C. down to any of a choice of...

The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India: Business Strategies and the Working Classes in Bombay, 1900-1940.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xviii, 468. $69.95.) This study makes a total of 51 in the admirable series of monographs on South Asia published by Cambridge. In it the author sets out to...

China Since the Cultural Revolution: From Totalitarianism to Authoritarianism.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Jie Chen and Peng Deng. (Westport: Praeger, 1995. Pp. 134. $49.95.) The political and economic reforms which have emerged in China since Mao, it is asserted here, are the Chinese regime's response to popular discontent. In turn, the...

The Veiled Women: Shifting Gender Equations in Rural Haryana, 1880-1990.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Prem Chowdhry. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. xix, 461. $29.95.) This book provides a comprehensive, scholarly, albeit bleak analysis of women in Haryana, the second richest state in India during the past century....

Communal Riots in Bengal: 1905-1947.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Suranjan Das. (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. xvi, 311. $18.95.) This book is a revised version of the author's 1987 dissertation from Oxford University, where he studied under the renowned Bengali historian, Tapan...

Japan Among the Powers: 1890-1990.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Sydney Giffard. (New York & London: Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. xxi, 218. $27.50.) As British Ambassador to Tokyo (1984-1986), long term resident of Japan since the early 1950s, honorary fellow at Oxford, and enthusiast of modern...

Marathas, Marauders, and State Formation in Eighteenth-Century India.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By. Stewart Gordon. (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp.223. $23.00.) This book, consisting of nine articles, is a companion piece to the author's work in The New Cambridge History of India, The Marathas and presents highlights of his...

Zhou Enlai: The Early Years.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Chae-Jin Lee. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. Pp. viii, 241. $35.00.) Zhou Enlai, the Premier of the People's Republic of China for 27 years, is generally loved in China and esteemed in the West. Charming, sophisticated,...

Central Asia in Historical Perspective.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Edited by Beatrice F. Manz. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Pp. x, 245. $54.95.) In the past the study of Central Asia was largely the territory of Soviet specialists who, while steeped in Russian history, had little or no experience in the...

Inscribed Landscapes: Travel Writing from Imperial China.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Edited, with an introduction, by Richard E. Strassberg. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Pp. xxv, 580. $60.00.) An important genre in the Western literary repertoire is that of travel writing. Beginning with Homer's Odyssey,...

China under Jurchen Rule: Essays on Chin Intellectual and Cultural History.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Edited by Hoyt Cleveland Tillman and Stephen H. West. Foreword by Herbert Franke. (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. Pp.xxi, 385. $17.95.) This volume consists of tableaux vivants of the culture and history of the Chin...

Imperial Germany: 1871-1914.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Volker Berghahn. (Providence: Berghahn Books, 1994. Pp.228. $17.95.) The publication of this book is a milestone in the historiography of the German Kaiserreich. It is that rare bird, an important and useful book both for teachers and...

European Warfare: 1660-1815.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Jeremy Black. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. x, 276. $30.00.) This book is an important contribution to our understanding of "how the West, initially so small and deficient in most natural resources, became able...

The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland, 1536-1588.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Ciaran Brady. (Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xviii, 322. $59.95) This study examines the attempts of Tudor administrators to govern Ireland during the mid-sixteenth century. Firmly grounded in rich...

"Kitty O'Shea": The Story of Katharine Parnell.
March 22, 1996... By Mary Rose Callaghan (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1994. Pp. 187. $15.00.) The life and character of Mrs. Katharine O'Shea, the English woman who became the mistress and subsequently the wife of the famed Irish parliamentary leader...

Reinventing Africa: Museums, Material Culture and Popular Imagination in Late Victorian and Edwardian England.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Annie E. Coombes. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. vii, 280. $45.00.) Between 1890 and 1918, the height of British imperial expansion in Africa, many valuable and remarkable artifacts, particularly from sub-Saharan...

Reptile Journalism: The Official Polish-Language Press under the Nazis, 1939-1945.
March 22, 1996... By Lucjan Dobroszycki. Translated by Barbara Harshav. (New Haven and London Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. xi, 199. $27.50.) First published in Germany in 1970, Reptile Journalism appears to be a pioneering work which sheds light on such...

The Bishops Wars: Charles I's Campaigns against Scotland, 1638-1640.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Mark Charles Fissel. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. 336. $69.95.) With the growing interest in British history, especially the short term causes of what used to be called the English Civil War, this monograph appears...

The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Michael Grant. (London and New York: Routledge, 1994. Pp. viii, 210. $22.95.) In more than fifty books, this classical scholar has made accessible to the general reader major periods and problems of ancient Greek and Roman history while...

Before Command: An Economic History of Russia from Emancipation to the First Five-Year Plan.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Paul R. Gregory. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. Pp. viii, 188. $35.00.) This study is a classic use of the genre of the interpretive essay, that joins synthesis of existing literature and original research. Its purpose is...

Bismark and Mitteleuropa.
March 22, 1996... By Bascom Barry Hayes. (Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1994. Pp. 623, $65.00.) At the core of this ambitious political biography of Otto von Bismarck is the role of Mitteleuropa as a defining principle in...

Political Traditions in Modern France.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Sudhir Hazareesingh. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. 355, $19.95.) This work sets out to provide an analysis of the "underlying structure of political and intellectual life in modern France" (1). It differs from several other...

Emergencies and Disorder in the European Empires after 1945.
March 22, 1996... Edited by Robert Holland. (London: Frank Cass, 1994. Pp. vii, 247. $40.00) In the last essay of this fine volume, Patrick Chabal concludes that violence and conquest were at the "heart of the colonial mission" (235). He rejects the Cold War...

Land, Law, and Lordship in Anglo-Norman England.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By John Hudson. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. Pp. ix, 320. $52.00.) Many scholars investigating the period between the Norman conquest and the accession of Henry II believe that the "Angevin Revolution" in administration and law was less...

Consuming Angels: Advertising and Victorian Women.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... by Lori Anne Loeb. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. xii, 224. $29.95.) This richly researched monograph will interest anyone concerned with material culture in the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. This study is a careful...

Intelligence and Espionage in the Reign of Charles II: 1660-1685.
March 22, 1996... By Alan Marshall. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xvi, 334. $59.95.) The author of this work offers the reader an in-depth analysis of "a wide variety of covert government activities related to the security of the Stuart...

Sin and the Calvinists: Morals Control and the Consistory in the Reformed Tradition.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Edited by Raymond A. Mentzer. (Kirksville, MO: Sixteenth-Century Journal Publishers, Inc., 1994. Pp. vii, 206. $35.00.) This collection of essays discusses the endeavor by Calvinists to set high standards of behavior for true believers--or...

The Humanity of Thucydides.
March 22, 1996... By Clifford Orwin. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. Pp. xiii, 235. $35.00.) This particular analysis of Thucydides' humanity represents the twelve-year culmination of an intensive study to provide a comprehensively critical and...

Holland and the Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century: The Politics of Particularism.
March 22, 1996... By J. L. Price. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. Pp. 312. $52.00.) This precisely written, neatly structured synthesis of current scholarship seeks to explain the apparent paradox of a seventeenth-century state whose viability rested firmly...

Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Susan Reynolds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. xi, 544. $29.95.) A generation ago, medievalists in the United States were beginning to suspect that feudalism was a modern construct that did not fit the facts. In 1974, these...

The Formation of the Medieval West: Studies in the Oral Culture of the Barbarians.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Michael Richter. (New York St. Martin's Press, 1994. Pp. xvi, 292. $49.95.) The author of this study aims "to set the oral culture of the early medieval West into the central position that belongs to it even though the written sources...

From Jacobite to Conservative: Reaction and Orthodoxy in Britain, c.1760-1832.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Reaction and Orthodoxy in Britain, c.1760-1832. By James J. Sack. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. 292. $59.95.) This analysis of British politics is largely based on newspapers, journals, and magazines and provides an...

Beatrice Webb: A Life.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Carole Seymour-Jones. (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1992. Pp. ix, 369. $30.00.) Beatrice Potter Webb drew heavily upon the diary she had kept for over fifty years in writing her autobiography. Intended as a study of her "craft of a social...

Discipline and Power: The University, History, and the Making of an English Elite, 1870-1930.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Reba N. Soffer. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. Pp. viii, 308. $45.00.) This work provides a fascinating account of the development of the new liberal arts discipline of modern history at English universities in the late...

Emily Faithful: Victorian Champion of Women's Rights.
March 22, 1996... By James S. Stone. (Toronto: P.D. Meany Publishers, 1994. Pp. iii, 336. $38.00.) This biography of Emily Faithful adds much to our knowledge of an understudied Victorian feminist. As Stone points out in his introduction, Faithful's...

Medieval Carlisle: The City and the Borders from the Late Eleventh to the Mid-Sixteenth Century, 2 vols.
March 22, 1996... By Henry R. Summerson. (Kendal, England: The Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, extra ser. 25. 1993. Pp. xxiii, 817. 48.00. [pounds sterling]) Henry Summerson's meticulously researched book is a boon indeed...

Wives, Widows, Witches and Bitches: Women in Seventeenth-Century Devon.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Janet A. Thompson. (New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 1993. Pp. xix, 260. $51.95.) This author's extensive research in the court records of the Diocese of Exeter and the quarter sessions of Devon, as well as books of the borough...

Philosophy and Romantic Nationalism: The Case of Poland.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... The Case of Poland. By Andrzej Walicki. (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994. Pp. 415. $18.95.) This is a reprint of a classic work first published by Oxford University Press in 1982. There is no new introduction; the work...

Ambrose of Milan and the End of the Nicene-Arian Conflicts.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Daniel H. Williams. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 259. $59.00.) This complex and challenging study approaches in a new way the fourth-century tension between Nicene perceptions of the Trinity and those followed by Arians....

Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, vol 1, From Peter the Great to the Death of Nicholas I.
March 22, 1996... By Richard S. Wortman. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. xix, 469, $49.50.) This ambitious work is difficult to classify. It surveys a substantial era of incessant change in Russia and Europe from a multidisciplinary...

Peace and Disarmament: Naval Rivalry and Arms Control, 1922-1933.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Richard W. Fanning. (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1995. Pp. xiii, 224. $35.00) Naval and diplomatic historians have paid less attention to the 1927 tripartite Geneva Naval Conference than they have other attempts to limit...

Energy in World History.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Vaclav Smil. (Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford: Westview Press, 1994 Pp. xviii, 300. $48.95.) This book covers much the same ground as Energy and Society: The Relation between Energy, Social Change, and Economic Development, by Fred...

Events That Changed the World in the Twentieth Century.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... Edited by Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995. Pp. xi, 233. $39.95.) The stated purpose of this book of essays is to help entry-level college students who have little knowledge of the world. Some...

From Fasting Saints to Anorexic Girls: The History of Self-Starvation.(Brief Article)
March 22, 1996... By Walter Vandereycken and Ron van Deth. (New York: New York University Press, 1994. Pp. viii, 296. $17.95.) The authors of This book are amateur historians with an interest in the more or less remote antecedents of the modern eating...