The Historian articles from January 1994

The Historian archives from January 1994

Escape to Shanghai: A Jewish Community in China.
January 1, 1994... James R. Ross. (New York: The Free Press, 1994. Pp. xvi, 298. $22.95. One can hardly imagine individuals more different than the Japanese peasant girl, Yamakawa Osald, and the Viennese physician, Sam Didner. Nor will one easily find...

Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870-1940.
January 1, 1994... James Francis Warren. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xvii, 433.$65.00. One can hardly imagine individuals more different than the Japanese peasant girl, Yamakawa Osald, and the Viennese physician, Sam Didner. Nor will one...

Egypt in Late Antiquity.
January 1, 1994... By Roger S. Bagnall. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 370. $29.95.) Egypt's desert climate has made possible the preservation of thousands of fragments of nonliterary documents written on papyrus. These unlikely...

The Women's Awakening in Egypt.
January 1, 1994... By Beth Baron. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. 259. $27.50.) While reading this book, I was constantly reminded of female colleagues who see themselves as the vanguard of the feminist movement in the United States. They...

Hemmed in: Responses to Africa's Economic Decline.
January 1, 1994... Edited by Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill. (New York. Columbia University Press, 1993. Pp. xiv, 573. $18.50.) When African studies "took off" in the United States in the 1960s, foreign scholars shared with Africans a great optimism...

The First Son of South Africa to Be Premier: Thomas Charles Scanlon.
January 1, 1994... By Basil T. Hone. (Oldwick, N.J.: Longford Press, 1993. Pp. xviii, 274.$25.00.) Thomas Scanlon was prime minister of the South African Cape Colony from 1881 to 1884, a position later held by Cecil Rhodes. Scanlon was not a major figure in...

The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916-1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State.
January 1, 1994... By Joseph Kostiner. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 260. $39.95.) Joseph Kostiner addresses the dialectical tension between tribe and state in the formation of Saudi Arabia as a modem kingdom in this book. In particular,...

The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire.
January 1, 1994... By Alan Palmer. (New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc., 1992. Pp. ix, 306.$22.50.) Alan Palmer set out to write a history of the Ottoman sultans and was drawn instead to the mystery of the breadth and longevity of an empire that extended...

The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire.
January 1, 1994... By Leslie P. Peirce. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 374. $19.95.) Recent historians have challenged the traditional belief that the Ottoman empire suffered from a continuing decline after the end of the reign of Suleyman...

Revolution Until Victory?: The Politics and History of the PLO.
January 1, 1994... By Barry Rubin. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994. Pp. xiii, 259. $24.95.) Barry Rubin defines his goal as providing "an analytical political history of the PLO, investigating and interpreting its political circumstances,...

Zimbabwe and the New Elite.
January 1, 1994... By Ruth Weiss. (London: British Academic Press, 1994.) Pp.vii, 226. $55.00.) Ruth Weiss' Zimbabwe and the New Elite is a tour de force of the intersection between political, economic, and socio-psychological issues and forces in...

From Revivals to Removal: Jeremiah Evarts, the Cherokee Nation, and the Search for the Soul of America.
January 1, 1994... By John A. Andrew III. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992. Pp. x, 434.$45.00.) Jeremiah Evarts (1781-1831), a missionary, reformer, and activist, became alarmed by what he perceived as the negative forces of Jacksonian democracy:...

Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle: The United States and Southern Africa in the Early Cold War.
January 1, 1994... By Thomas Borstelmann. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. ix, 298.$35.00.) As South Africa emerges from its long night of racial oppression, it is appropriate to revisit the history of U.S.-South African relations. In doing so,...

God and the Natural World: Religion and Science in Antebellum America.
January 1, 1994... By Walter H. Conser Jr. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1993. Pp. xi, 191. In God and the Natural World, Walter H. Conser, Jr. writers that the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859 and "the ensuing debates...

Sarmiento: Author of a Nation.
January 1, 1994... Edited by Tulio Halperin Donghi, Ivan Jaksic, Gwen Kirkpatrick, and Francine Masiello. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Pp. x, 398. $20.00.) Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811-88), a leading Latin American liberal of his era,...

Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams.
January 1, 1994... By Joseph J. Ellis. (New York:W. W. Norton and Company, 1993. Pp. 277.$25.00.) Although many scholars have analyzed John Adams as revolutionary, diplomat, and president, Joseph J. Ellis draws on Adams' later writings to provide a fresh...

American Political Cultures.
January 1, 1994... By Richard J. Ellis. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xiii, 251. $45.00.) Many historians and political scientists have offered sweeping cultural and political interpretations of the American past and present. In a concluding...

Yankees in Paradise: The Pacific Basin Frontier.
January 1, 1994... By Arrell Morgan Gibson.(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 495. $40.00.) One hundred years after Frederick Jackson Turner delivered his seminal essay, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," we are...

The Texture of Industry: An Archaeological View of the Industrialization of North America.
January 1, 1994... By Robert B. Gordon and Patrick M. Malone. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. xi, 442. $49.95.) If many historians still commonly (if wrongly) associate the history of technology with boring studies of "nuts and bolts" devoid of...

Old Age and the Search for Security: An American Social History.
January 1, 1994... By Carole Haber and Brian Gratton. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. Pp. xv, 230. $14.95.) Carole Haber and Brian Gratton treat the subject of old age in the American experience by developing the themes of family, economics,...

Children of Grace: The Nez Perce War of 1877.
January 1, 1994... By Bruce Hampton. (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1994. Pp. 407.$27.50.) In 1877, nearly 1,000 members of the Nez Perce tribe, facing removal from their ancestral homeland in the Wallowa Mountains of northwest Oregon, engaged in violent...

The Dividing Paths: Cherokees and South Carolinians Through the Era of Revolution.
January 1, 1994... By Tom Hatley. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xv, 320. $45.00.) This is an ambitious, valuable, and idiosyncratic work on colonial South Carolinians, the Cherokees, and the relationships between them. Tom Hatley declares that...

722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York.
January 1, 1994... By Clifton Hood. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. Pp. 335. $25.00. What went wrong? Although Clifton Hood's engaging study was not written primarily to explain the late-twentieth-century deterioration of New York City's subway system,...

James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age.
January 1, 1994... By James G. Hershberg. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993. Pp. ix, 950. $35.00.) Why did James G. Hershberg need almost a thousand pages to write "not [even] a full biography" of a man who is barely mentioned in history books? The answer...

Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class.
January 1, 1994... By Eric Lott. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. viii, 314. $24.95.) Cultural history has entered a boom phase of late. Spurred by poststructuralist literary criticism, cultural historians have produced entirely new conceptual...

A Bloc of One: The Political Career of Hiram W. Johnson.
January 1, 1994... By Richard Coke Lower. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993. Pp. ix, 442. $45.00.) Few individuals in the political history of California are more controversial than Hiram Johnson. Some scholars see Johnson as an aggressive reformer...

Prize Possession: The United States and the Panama Canal, 1903-1979.
January 1, 1994... By John Major. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. xviii, 432.$49.95.) John Major has written a well-researched, methodical, and informative account of United States-Panamanian relations during the years between the...

Losing Our Souls: The American Experience in the Cold War.
January 1, 1994... By Edward Pessen. (Chicago: Ivan R. Dec, 1993. Pp. 255. $24.95.) Just before his death, Jacksonian specialist Edward Pessen delved into Cold War history. The result is yet another revisionist account of the Cold War, highlighting the same...

Lincoln in American Memory.
January 1, 1994... By Merrill D. Peterson. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. 482. $30.00.) Thirty-four years ago Merrill D. Peterson wrote The Jeffersonian Image in the American Mind, a superb study of the image of Thomas Jefferson throughout...

Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator.
January 1, 1994... By Kurt Ritter and David Henry. (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992. Pp. xix, 226. $45.00.) Few, if any, American presidents owed their political success more to oratorical skill than did Ronald Reagan. His early speeches defended...

Chester Bowles: New Dealer in the Cold War.
January 1, 1994... By Howard B. Schaffer. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993, Pp.viii, 387. $29.95.) Howard B. Schaffer has written a splendid diplomatic biography of Chester Bowles that raises important questions about the best course for...

Romantic Longings: Love in America, 1830-1980.
January 1, 1994... By Steven Seidman. (New York: Routledge, 1993. Pp. x, 247.$15.95.) The history of human sexuality is a fast-paced research area in which monographs and articles are sometimes superseded almost as soon as they appear in print. Although the...

Benjamin and William Franklin: Father and Son, Patriot and Loyalist.
January 1, 1994... By Sheila L. Skemp. (Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1994. Pp. xii, 205. $35.00. This book is designed and priced as a text, with documents appended, for courses in early American history. Sheila L. Skemp, the author of a fine...

Sam Houston: The Life and Times of the Liberator of Texas, an Authentic American Hero.
January 1, 1994... By John Hoyt Williams. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. Pp. 448. $14.00. The figure of Sam Houston assumes heroic proportions in any consideration of the antebellum United States. He served Tennessee as congressman and governor before he...

Ultra in the Pacific: How Breaking Japanese Codes and Cyphers Affected Naval Operations Against Japan, 1941-1945.
January 1, 1994... By John Winton. (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1993. Pp 247.$22.95.) The role of cryptologic intelligence in checking the Japanese advance, turning the tide, arid eventually winning the Pacific War has most often been explained in...

Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland: The Central Provinces, 1820-1920.
January 1, 1994... By D. E. U. Baker. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xiii, 374.$29.95. Historians of India under the British Raj have tended to ignore the Central Provinces (modern Madhya Pradesh) because the area was relatively poor and was...

Central Authority and Local Autonomy in the Formation of Early Modern Japan: The Case of Kaga Domain.
January 1, 1994... By Philip C. Brown. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993. Pp. xviii, 312.$45.00. Philip C. Brown has written a book on Kaga domain in north-central Japan which challenges the center-outward interpretation of the unification of Japan...

Broken Promises: Popular Protest, Indian Nationalism and the Congress Party in Bihar, 1935-1946.
January 1, 1994... By Vinita Damodaran. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pp. 398.$35.00.) Historians writing about India's nationalist movement have generally focused on the national policies and leadership of the Indian National Congress Party....

The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945.
January 1, 1994... By Peter Ward Fay. (Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, 1993, Pp. ix, 573.$35.00. Few research-based monographs have been penned with such an engaging elegance as the one under review in this "publish or perish" age. Such a felicitous...

Law and Order in Song China.
January 1, 1994... By Brian E. McKnight. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xiv, 557.$79.95. In Law and Order in Song China, Brian E. McKnight, a leading specialist in Chinese legal history, provides an extraordinarily comprehensive and...

An 'Agreed' Frontier: Ladakh and India's Northernmost Borders, 1846-1947.
January 1, 1994... By Parshotsam Mehra. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pp. xii, 248. $23.00. Parshotsam Mehra's volume deals with one of the most remote, barren, and largely uninhabitable regions in the world. Ladakh is a district of the...

Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680, vol. 2: Expansion and Crisis.
January 1, 1994... By Anthony J. S. Reid. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Pp. xv, 390.$35.00. This is the eagerly awaited final volume of Anthony J. S. Reid's already influential study of Southeast Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries....

The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple.
January 1, 1994... By Malcolm Barber. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xxi, 441. $69.95. In 1978 Malcolm Barber published his admirable account of the dramatic end of the Templars in The Trial of the Templars. He now complements that study...

Collaboration in Belgium: Leon Degrelle and the Rexist Movement, 1940-1944.
January 1, 1994... By Martin Conway. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Pp. x, 364. $35-00.) Originally written as an Oxford dissertation, this magnificent study is certainly the definitive treatment of the Rexist role in Occupied Belgium. Martin...

The Halt in the Mud: French Strategic Planning from Waterloo to Sedan.
January 1, 1994... By Gary R Cox. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1994. Pp. xii, 258. $44.95. France's debacle in 1870 caused contemporaries to conclude that the French army had slipped into irrevocable decline after Waterloo, a conclusion echoed by...

Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule, 1556-1578.
January 1, 1994... By Jon G. Crawford. (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1993. Pp. xiv, 508. $49.50.) In view of the current debate over Tudor policy in Ireland, the publication of this carefully research study of the central institution of the Elizabethan...

A History of Wales.
January 1, 1994... By John Davies. (New York: Allen Lane, 1993. Pp. xv, 718. $35.00.) Perhaps all history is politicized, and the Welsh certainly have been studied by those with especially strong biases. From Nonconformity and Liberalism through Labor and the...

Franco.
January 1, 1994... By Sheelagh Ellwood. (New York Longnian, 1994. Pp. 253. $19.50. As dull of intellect as he was provincial in his tastes, veiled by his inscrutable personal silence and monotone "God and patria" harangues, Francisco Franco was not the stuff...

The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics, and Society in the German Inflation, 1914-1924.
January 1, 1994... By Gerald D. Feldman. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. x, 1011. $125.00.) Gerdld D. Feldman's history of the great inflation in Germany adds up to one of the most comprehensive investigations of an advanced industrial society....

From Weimar to Hitler: Germany, 1918-1933.
January 1, 1994... By E. J. Feuchtwanger. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. Pp. ix, 376.$45.00. The political history of the Weimar Republic is one of considerable complexity, and it can easily leave both students and scholars bewildered. The great...

After Chartism: Class and Nation in English Radical Politics, 1848-74.
January 1, 1994... By Margot C. Finn. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. 361. $59.95.) This book analyzes British radicalism between the decline of Chartism and the emergence of "New Liberalism." To this end a great mass of primary and...

Life in the Middle Ages from the Seventh to the Thirteenth Century.
January 1, 1994... By Hans-Werner Goetz. Translated by Albert Wimmer. Edited by Steven Rowan. (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1993. Pp. ix, 316.$19.95.) This book, which is an English translation of a work first published in German in 1986, is...

The Origins of the Crimean War.
January 1, 1994... By David M. Goldfrank (London: Longman, 1994. Pp. xiv, 344. $22.75.) David M. Goldfrank's book is a detailed examination of the causes of the Crimean War, an appalling conflict that cost the lives of at least 800,000 people, a number...

Holocaust Remembrance: The Shapes of Memory.
January 1, 1994... Edited by Geoffrey Hartman. (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. xii, 264. $49.95.) Geoffrey Hartman's Holocaust Remembrance: The Shapes of Memory is an outstanding interdisciplinary anthology. Along with academics, Hartman includes selections...

Living and Dying in England, 1100-1540: The Monastic Experience.
January 1, 1994... By Barbara Harvey. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Pp. xviii, 291. $44.00.) When Henry VIII and the Reformation Parliament moved to dissolve monastic communities in England, the motivation was clearly political and economic. Such action...

Free to Hate: The Rise of the Right in Post Communist Eastern Europe.
January 1, 1994... By Paul Hockenos. (New York. Routledge, 1993. Pp. x, 332. $25.00.) Paul Hockenos' sobering depiction of Eastern European politics since the collapse of the USSR is a reminder that the euphoria that many saw as the victory of liberal and...

Anticolonialism in British Politics: The Left and the End of Empire, 1918-1964.
January 1, 1994... By Stephen Howe. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xvi, 373. $59.00.) The end of empire is an interesting episode in the history of the world, and arguments about imperialism may have some importance in the history of ideas....

The Rush to German Unity.
January 1, 1994... By Konrad Jarausch. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. 280. $14.95.) Konrad Jarausch's The Rush to German Unity combines a critique of the unification process with elements of a personal memoir and contemporary history. Jarausch's...

The Labour Party Since 1945.
January 1, 1994... By Kevin Jefferys. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. Pp. vii, 161. $39.95.) In a vein similar to George Dangerfield's classic, The Strange Death of Liberal England, Kevin Jefferys explores the question of what caused the "strange death"...

Park Guell.
January 1, 1994... By Conrad Kent and Dennis Prindle. (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1993. Pp. 223. $17.95.) Originally published in Spanish, Park Guell is an excellent study of the planning and design of the well-known Barcelona landmark whose...

Beria: Stalin's First lieutenant.
January 1, 1994... By Amy Knight. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Pp. xvii, 312. $24.95.) The opening of Soviet and Russian archives will force scholars to reevaluate their views of Stalinism and totalitarianism As new pieces of research...

Double Lives: Spies and Writers in the Secret Soviet War of Ideas Against the West.
January 1, 1994... By Stephen Koch. (New York: The Free Press, 1994. Pp. x, 419.$24.95. According to Stephen Koch, thousands of important Europeans and Americans were brought into Stalin's service in the 1920s and 1930s. Some of these agents were sincere,...

Feeding Mars: Logistics in Western Warfare from the Middle Ages to the Present.
January 1, 1994... Edited by John A. Lynn. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993, Pp. xii, 326. $44.50. Napoleon said that "an army marches on its stomach," but it took the 1977 publication of Martin van Creveld's Command in War for most historians to get...

Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany.
January 1, 1994... By Kristie Macrakis. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. xvi, 280. $39.95. The position of science during the Third Reich continues to fascinate. How is it that a country so blessed with scientific genius failed to produce an...

Commoners: Common Right, Enclosure and Social Change in England, 1700-1820.
January 1, 1994... By J.M. Neeson. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. xiv, 382.$54.95. By the age of parliamentary enclosure, it is commonly held, Albion's peasants were long gone, except for a few backward wastrels still clinging to infested...

Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Legend.
January 1, 1994... By D.D.R. Owen. (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1993. Pp. x, 256. $21.95. Eleanor of Aquitaine is the stuff of which rather too much history has been made. It is therefore a relief to read D.D.R. Owen's new and well-judged assessment of this...

The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain.
January 1, 1994... By Jonathan Parry. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Pp. viii, 383. $40.00. This account of parliamentary Liberalism during its heyday 1830-86 is more than an old-fashioned political history. Politics is seen in terms of...

Julius II: The Warrior Pope.
January 1, 1994... By Christine Shaw. (Cambridge: Blackweu, 1993. Pp. 360. $39.95. Julius II occupies a prominent niche in the history of the Renaissance papacy. One of the most ambitious--and by some standards successful--of pre-modern popes, his name has...

German History: 1770-1866.
January 1, 1994... By James J. Sheehan. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Pp.9.$24.95. James J. Sheehan escaped from the shackles of the Prussian School to write of German lands: "islands defined by geographical limits, distinctive in speech and custom,...

The Spanish Civil War.
January 1, 1994... By Hugh Thomas. (New York. Touchstone, 1994. Pp. xx, 1115. $20.00.) It is fortunate that an affordable paperback edition of Hugh Thomas' history of the Spanish Civil War is now available, for it remains the best single-volume account of the...

The Shape of Athenian Law.
January 1, 1994... By Stephen C. Todd. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, Pp. xiii, 433. $68.00.) Classical Athenian law has traditionally been scorned by historians of law. Overshadowed by Rome and its extensive legal heritage in the modem world, Athens has...

Planning for War Against Russia and Serbia: Austro-Hungarian and German Military Strategies, 1871-1914.
January 1, 1994... By Graydon A. Tunstall Jr. (Boulder, Colo.: Social Science Monographs, 1993. Pp. viii, 373.$53.00.) The inability of the European great powers to successfully execute their war plans in July and August 1914 represents one of the most...

The Caliphate in the West: An Islamic Political Institution in the Iberian Peninsula.
January 1, 1994... By David J. Wassertein. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Pp. xiv, 280. $55.00.) In this study, which derives directly from his 1985 work on the eleventh-century Iberian peninsula, The Rise and Fall of the Party-Kings: Politics and Society...

The Merovingian Kingdoms: 450-751.
January 1, 1994... The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751. By lan Wood. (New York. Longman, 1994. Pp. 395. $28.95.) This textbook is addressed to two separate audiences--students whose only language is English, and fellow researchers. lan Wood sets out to show...

A History of Civilizations.
January 1, 1994... By Fernand Braudel. Translated by Richard Mayne. (New York. Allen Lane, 1994. Pp. xl. 600.$30.00.) Braudel believed that students were traditionally exposed to the history of a nation-state or civilization with emphasis on political...

Interview with Darlene Clark Hine. (Interview)
January 1, 1994... Born in missouri in 1947, reared and educated in Illinois, Hine earned her bachelor's degree in history at Roosevelt University, Chicago, and her master's and doctoral degrees from Kent State university, in Kent, ohio. she has, written about...

Education in Ruanda-Urundi, 1946-61.
January 1, 1994... The U.S. media in 1994 covered the horrible suffering that sprang from Rwanda's civil war and from the unexpectedly massive exodus of refugees into Zaire. Pictures and reports indicated little about the historical origins of the tragedy beyond...

Cold War toys at the Strong Museum. (Illustration)
January 1, 1994... The mission of the Strong Museum in Rochester, New York is to explain and interpret everyday life in the United States after 1820 so as to help people in and beyond Rochester understand the past and prepare for the future. From May 1994 to July...

Kinship and culture in the mobilization of colonial Massachusetts.
January 1, 1994... LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT MILITARY mobilization in colonial America. Some historians contend that then, as now, the poor shouldered most of war's burdens, while others argue that patriotism, age, ethnicity, religious enthusiasm, and nationalism...

The "discovery" of the Philippines by the U.S. press, 1898-1902.
January 1, 1994... The United States' takeover of the Philippines was as much a product of circumstance as the result of deliberate policy With few commercial interests in the Spanish-ruled archipelago in the late nineteenth century, the U.S. presence there was...

French school teachers against militarism, 1903-18.
January 1, 1994... HATRED TOWARD GERMANY mounted after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. By 1906, most of the 121,000 primary school teachers in France taught the 5.5 million children attending public schools across the country not only to hate Germany...

The Whig Party versus the "spoilsmen" of Tennessee.
January 1, 1994... THE IDEAS OF THE AMERICAN WHIG PARTY were "worse than useless for the understanding of society," according to Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. Some historians, however, have recently begun to view Whig ideology as a crucial element of Jacksonian...

The pre-Columbian art of Panama at the Bowers Museum. (Illustration)
January 1, 1994... PANAMA IS BEST KNOWN IN THE UNITED STATES for the events of recent history, such as the building of the Panama Canal in the early twentieth century, and the invasion by U.S. forces to capture de facto head of state General Manuel Noriega in...

U.S. women on the home front in World War II.
January 1, 1994... THE WELL-KNOWN AUTHOR AND JOURNALIST, Max Lerner, concluded in early 1943 that "when the classic work on the history of women comes to be written, the biggest force for change in their lives will turn out to have been war, [which] curiously......