Harvard International Review articles from June 1996

Harvard International Review archives from June 1996

Elusive harmony: South Asia's half-century of independence.
June 22, 1996... WHEN THE NATIONS OF SOUTH ASIA won their independence from the British almost 50 years ago, they were at once united and divided by claims of identity. A shared history and cultural civilization, as well as the common legacy of British rule and...

Competing nationalisms: secessionist movements and the state.
June 22, 1996... SOUTH ASIA IS HOME to several world religions, over 30 major languages, a thousand dialects, and innumerable castes and subcastes. During the colonial era, princes held nominal rule over more than 580 separate states in India, while a number of...

Stalemate in the valley: India, Pakistan, and the crisis in Kashmir.
June 22, 1996... SINCE DECEMBER 1989, Indian security forces have been engaged in suppressing a violent secessionist insurgency in the Valley of Kashmir. The insurgency in Kashmir grew out of a fundamental paradox of Indian democracy: while political...

Double-edged sword: nuclear weapons and regional security.
June 22, 1996... THE DISPUTE BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN appears to have come full circle since the 1950s and 1960s to rest once again on the contested state of Kashmir. But the destructive power possessed by both states has grown enormously since that earlier...

Blurring the line: Islam and politics in South Asia.
June 22, 1996... ISLAMISM, THE MOVEMENT based on the belief that the Islamic religion should systematically determine and guide the political system and decisions of a nation, emerged as a force in South Asia in the 1930s, the same decade that it surfaced in...

Caste and class: the rise of Hindu nationalism in India.
June 22, 1996... IN THE THREE YEARS from 1989 to 1992, India experienced the phenomenal rise in influence of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Many observers assumed that the BJP's influence would be short-lived, for Hindu nationalism violated...

(Tamil) Tigers and the lion: the evolution of Sri Lanka's civil war.
June 22, 1996... ON DECEMBER 5, 1995, Sri Lankan government troops raised the golden lion flag of Sri Lanka over Jaffna city. It was a triumphant return to the city they had abandoned in defeat over five years earlier. Waves of celebration spread across...

New approach: the democratic path to peace in Sri Lanka.
June 22, 1996... THE PEOPLE'S ALLIANCE GOVERNMENT which assumed office in Sri Lanka in 1994 inherited a complex of issues often referred to as "the ethnic conflict," the discord between the Sinhalese and Tamil communities, which respectively comprise 74 percent...

Transcending divisions: the consolidation of Pakistan.
June 22, 1996... DURING BRITISH COLONIAL RULE, a superb feat of political engineering kept together several nationalities clearly differentiated by religion, ethnicity, language, and cultural tradition. As a result, the withdrawal of the colonial power in 1947...

Unity in diversity: political and economic trends in India.
June 22, 1996... PRAKASH SHAH HAS SERVED as India's ambassador to the United Nations in New York since February 1995. In his 34 years as an Indian diplomat, he has held a number of other positions, including a recent three-year term as ambassador to Japan. He...

People's Europe: the future of the European Union.
June 22, 1996... SINCE ITS INCEPTION, the European Union (EU) has provided the world with an unprecedented model of successful international and intra-regional cooperation. European political and economic integration has culminated in the establishment of an...

Surviving scarcity: sustainable management of water resources.
June 22, 1996... THE WORLD'S POLICYMAKERS often take for granted the assumption that the earth's supplies of usable water are essentially unlimited. However, as we enter the new millennium, that assumption is appearing less and less tenable. Per capita water...

Clear mandate: reforming US and UN peace operations.
June 22, 1996... The author wishes to express that the opinions presented in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Army. IN RECENT YEARS, peacekeeping and related activities have come to constitute a...

Unorthodox approach: conflict resolution in a changing world.
June 22, 1996... JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, has earned almost as much recognition for his accomplishments since leaving the White House as for his legacy as President. In 1982, Carter established The Carter Center in...

Era of transition: the changing face of Japanese politics.
June 22, 1996... MORIHIRO HOSOKAWA'S JULY 1993 lower house election was a benchmark in Japan's political history, signaling the interruption of 38 years of single party rule by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Hosokawa headed seven parties and a...

Breaking the ice: the need to improve US-Cuban relations.
June 22, 1996... WHEN THE CUBAN AIR DEFENSE SHOT down two civilian planes earlier this year, killing four Cuban-Americans, the United States swerved away from the process of normalizing diplomatic relations with Cuba. The details of the incident are unclear;...

Moving on: Chile's alternatives to NAFTA.
June 22, 1996... CHILE IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST SUCcess stories of the 1990s. With an annual growth rate of over seven percent per year--the second fastest in the world--Chile has caught the attention of businesses around the world, from the United States to the...

China's golden goose: the economic integration of Hong Kong.
June 22, 1996... AT MIDNIGHT ON JULY 1, 1997, GREAT Britain's 99-year lease on Hong Kong will expire, and jurisdiction over one of the most modern capitalist cities in the world will officially pass into the hands of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Hong...

Below the surface: the technology of landmine removal.
June 22, 1996... THE LANDMINE IS ONE OF THE MOST insidious threats to civilians in former combat zones. Acting as cheap, disposable soldiers, landmines can defend a stronghold or a transit route by slowing the advance of an attacking force. Small, cheap...

Next steps: updating the CFE (Conventional Armed Force) treaty.
June 22, 1996... THE CONVENTIONAL ARMED FORCE in Europe Treaty (CFE), which went into effect in 1992, has resulted in deep cuts in the number of conventional weapons held by the nations of NATO and the former Warsaw Pact. Described by some as the cornerstone of...

Bad medicine: AIDS, culture, and women's health.
June 22, 1996... WHEN FACED WITH A GLOBAL CRIsis, decision makers tend to search for a single, universally applicable solution. Often, this type of simple answer does not exist, making it necessary to develop more complicated strategies to address the problem....

United Nations in its second half-century.
June 22, 1996... The United Nations in its Second Half-Century is the product of a study organized, convened, and supported by the Ford Foundation in 1993 at request of Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United Nations. That study, conducted by...

Our global neighborhood.
June 22, 1996... The United Nations in its Second Half-Century is the product of a study organized, convened, and supported by the Ford Foundation in 1993 at request of Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United Nations. That study, conducted by...

Civil war in Bosnia, 1992-1994.
June 22, 1996... As author Edgar O'Ballance states in the preface to Civil War in Bosnia, "this is a brief account of the short, stormy, war torn existence of the sovereign independent Balkan Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina." O'Ballance places the violent...

Fascism: past, present, and future.
June 22, 1996... In Fascism: Past, Present, Future, Walter Laqueur, a historian who was the director of the Institute of Contemporary History and the Wiener Library in London for 25 years and is currently the chairman of the International Research Council at...

Lords of human kind: European attitudes to other cultures in the imperial age.
June 22, 1996... Victor Kiernan begins this re-edition of his 1969 book by alluding to significant changes in attitudes and awareness since the last publication, including the "new debates... about Homo Sapiens and his destiny, some of them running back to his...

China's role in the Asia Pacific Region and beyond.
June 22, 1996... To the Editor--Recently, much has been said about China's role in East Asia. In your Spring 1996 issue, Gerald Segal wrote an article entitled "The Giant Wakes: The Chinese Challenge to East Asia," and Ronald N. Montaperto and Karl W....