R & D articles from September 2005

R & D archives from September 2005

What happened to high tech?(disaster planning lagging behind)(Editorial)
September 1, 2005... I'm jumping on the Hurricane Katrina news bandwagon this month with a number of queries. For the two weeks following the hurricane, where were all the high-tech devices that we read about all the time? What happened to all the communication...

Renewable practitioner.(Bhima Vijayendran)
September 1, 2005... A lot of people talk about how we should look for ways to reduce our dependence on imported fossil fuels. Well, Bhima Vijayendran, one of only eight Senior Research Leaders at Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, is actually doing something about it. ...

New techniques for new technologies.(POWER PROFILE)(Yuegang Zhao )
September 1, 2005... The continuing shrinking of semiconductor features results in correspondingly smaller currents and voltages. These effects demand that new measurement techniques, beyond traditional DC source measurements, are developed. And when device...

Mapping brain function.(neurons functions)
September 1, 2005... As you read this article, neurons in your brain are controlling the movement of your eyes across the page. Exactly which neurons govern this and other motor behaviors is something that Julie Simpson, a postdoctoral fellow at the Univ. of...

Nanotechnology guru.(Dr. Zhong Lin (ZL) Wang research on nanotechnology)
September 1, 2005... There is little doubt that the field of nanotechnology has generated big buzz over the past decade. From medicine to military, space to skin creams, nano- is indeed big. But with this explosion of activity has come just as many challenges....

Portable hydrogen.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Effective and safe storage of hydrogen has challenged researchers worldwide for the better part of three decades. Now a group of scientists at the Technical Univ. of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, led by Jens Norskov, have offered a new way of...

Vacuum science takes center stage.(Conferences & Events)(Calendar)
September 1, 2005... The American Vacuum Science (AVS) will be holding its 52nd annual International Symposium and Exhibition on Oct 30-Nov 4, at the Hynes Convention Center in Boston, Mass. This year's program provides a very broad spectrum of science and...

New options for quantum dot production.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... A research team at the Univ. of Buffalo's (UB) Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, NY, have reported on two novel approaches for fabricating quantum dots. The UB scientists report that one of their rapid-solution synthesis methods...

RNA-based cancer strategy.(nanoscale delivery vehicles as therapeutic agent)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Using RNA strands, researchers at Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind., have been able to construct nanoscale delivery vehicles capable of carrying anti-cancer therapeutic agents directly to infected cells. According to Purdue, these...

Intel adds fab funding.(VACUUM & THIN FILMS)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Officials at Intel Corp, Santa Clara, Calif., have announced plans to invest $345 million in two of the company's existing manufacturing sites in Colorado and Massachusetts. The investments will be used to increase the capacity of the wafer...

Genius grants granted.(MacArthur Fellows research grants)
September 1, 2005... The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation has announced the names of this year's 25 MacArthur Fellows. The recipients of the MacArthur grants--often referred to as "genius grants"--will each receive a no-strings-attached grant in the...

Recognizing the best in innovation: researchers in industry, government, and academia offer the year's best in technology.(43rd Anniversary)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The editors of R&D Magazine are proud to announce the winners of the 43rd Annual R&D 100 Awards. The products and technologies showcased on the preceding pages are among the most innovative ideas from today's technology elite. This year's...

Breakthrough catalyst.(43rd Anniversary)
September 1, 2005... Catalysts are used in 90% of the world's chemical processes to produce 60% of its chemical products. These catalysts greatly increase the rate of the chemical reactions without being consumed. In many of these processes, the surface area of the...

Biotech corn stops pests cold.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The purpose and promise of biotech research is that living organisms can be enhanced and grown in a non-toxic environment. A team of researchers at the Monsanto Co. in St. Louis, Mo., has taken that axiom to heart in their development of the...

Modeling marvel.(Genomatica, Inc enterprise-level software )(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Modeling the behavior and dynamics of complex biological systems has taken on greater significance over the last few years. SimPheny (for Simulating Phenotypes) developed by Genomatica, Inc., San Diego, Calif., is an enterprise-level software...

Avoiding false alarms.(Exclusive)(hn H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field and Makel Engineering Inc. develop it)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Airline fire detectors have historically produced as high as a 200 to 1 rate of false alarms. For this reason, researchers from NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, in a joint effort with Makel Engineering, Inc., Chico, Calif., Case...

Smaller and better detectors.(Analytical Instruments)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The demand and market for x-ray and gamma ray detectors and instruments used for radiation sensing and imaging is growing. However, almost all current products used in this area are based on scintillation detectors or cryogenically cooled...

Is the air safe?(Analytical Instruments)(Biological Aerosol Mass Spectrometry System)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... While relatively few biological terrorist attacks have occurred, the potential disastrous consequences that they pose requires a constant monitoring of the air with a rapid indication of potential hazards. A research team at Lawrence Livermore...

Radiation detection at 60 MPH.(Analytical Instruments)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... So how do you monitor the vast number of vehicles that travel our roads everyday for potential radiological weapons of mass destruction, especially at border crossings, without causing undue strain on the transportation system? A research team...

Always ready.(Analytical Instruments)(Self-Indicating Instant Radiation Alert Dosimeter)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... It's difficult to imagine the trauma that would follow a terrorist attack with a radiological dispersion device (otherwise known as a "dirty bomb"). First responders to the attack would be at an extreme disadvantage to know who and how to treat...

Changing the LC baseline.(Liquid chromatography systems)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Liquid chromatography (LC) systems have evolved slowly over the past 60 yr. A large group of researchers at Waters Corp., Milford. Mass.. set about to change that scenario with a number of basic improvements in the development of their ACQUITY...

Mass spec made easy.(Analytical Instruments info)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most respected and fastest growing analytical techniques in the R&D environment. And this device will only make it grow faster. The device is DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time) developed by JEOL. Peabody,...

Spectroscopy designed for processes.(Analytical Instruments)(near infrared analysis)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Near infrared (NIR) analysis is a well-established tool for analysis of industrial QA/QC and environmental safety. However, typical NIR lab instruments are impractical for process lines and point-of-use material inspection. However, Dale...

Fast synthesis and analysis.(Analytical Instruments)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Microwave-based biological analysis has been advanced over the past decade through the research work of CEM, Matthews, N.C. Working with researchers at Raman spectrometer manufacturer DeltaNu, Laramie, Wyo., they have now developed a...

First ion trap HPLC.(Genomatica, Inc)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The LCMS-IT-TOF represents the first time an ion trapTOF (time-of-flight) instrument for high performance liquid chromatography HPLC use has been made available from a major instrument company. Developed by a research team at Shimadzu...

Sensitive and consistent.(Analytical Instruments)(Corona CAD developed by ESA Biosciences Inc.)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Corona CAD (Charged Aerosol Detector) is a breakthrough, universal detector technology for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Developed by researchers at ESA Biosciences, Chelmsford, Mass., and TSI, Shoreview, Minn., the Corona CAD...

Getting better connected.(global link)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... In a joint effort, researchers from Sandia National Laboratories. Albuquerque. NM. along with Logical Solutions, Milford. Conn.. have developed Global-Link. a hardware solution tailored for the secure transmission of high-resolution video,...

Resurrecting audio.(audio recording )(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Over 6.4 million recordings reside within the confines of the world's largest sound archives. Many of these recordings take the shape of lacquered discs, shellac discs, or celluloid cylinders. The problem, however, has been how to adequately...

Images from the front line.(Communications)(Visual First Responder Wireless Video)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Terrorism, major accidents, and natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina only serve to remind of us the heroism displayed by our nations' first responders. These men and women are subject to unimaginable challenges and hazardous working...

Making the friendly skies friendlier.(Communications)(Airborne Ku-band Antenna Subsystem)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... It's hard to imagine commercial air travel without the wonderful distraction provided by in-flight entertainment systems. Researchers at Mitsubishi Electronic Corp., Kamakura, Japan have made this experience even friendlier with their Airborne...

Measuring Net power in welding.(Electronics)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Tremendous progress in welding automation and control of welding variables has been made over the past three decades. Net power, the most influential variable of the welding process, however, has been the only variable that has been continually...

Revolutionary joystick.(Electronics)(Electro Motive Force Joystick from Engineering Matters, Inc)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Simulators of various kinds provide users with the necessary training that they can apply in real-world situations. For scenarios involving the piloting of an airplane or helicopter or any other vehicle that utilizes joysticks for their...

Low power electrical characterization.(Electronics)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Increasingly, markets are demanding lower power electrical characterization for new materials such as carbon nanotubes. Lower power testing requires supplying a small electrical current, often a few nanoamps or less, and measuring the resulting...

Integrating power measurements.(Electronics)(Field-Metrics Inc.)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Digital processing in the power grid has slowly migrated from a central control room out to a substation. The final stage in the migration of digitized data from the substation onto the high voltage conductor is now complete with the MetPod, a...

Blu-ray hits 50!(Electronics)(rewritable DVDs )(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Looking to TIVO your favorite shows from HDTV? Researchers at Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., may have a solution with the 50GB Capacity Rewritable Dual layer Blu-ray Disc Media, Model LM-BRM50. Currently rewritable DVDs feature a...

Its plasma, revolutioned.(Electronics)(Flexible Plasma-sphere Display)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Forget your 'old' plasma TV's, researchers at Imaging Systems Technology, Toledo, Ohio, have created the next breed of plasma displays with the Flexible Plasma-sphere Display. In contrast to conventional plasma displays, Plasma-sphere...

From waste to fluff.(Bouldin Corp recycling platforms)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Converting waste products into reusable materials is the framework behind the WastAway Municipal Solid Waste Recycling System. The system, created by Bouldin, Corp., McMinnville, Tenn., and Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, recycles unsorted Municipal...

Cost-effective oxygen sensors.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The last 30 years of process monitoring have seen increasing demands for more sophisticated sensor technologies. Many industries have sought an inexpensive way to more accurately monitor and control combustion processes by getting closer to the...

Getting more from hydrocarbon feedstock.(hydrocarbon materials production by hydrogen transport membranes)
September 1, 2005... The ability to utilize hydrocarbons and carbonaceous materials as a feedstock to simultaneously produce hydrogen and sequester carbon dioxide has been facilitated by the creation of Intermediate Temperature Hydrogen Transport Membranes,...

A new breed of graphite electrodes.(Graftech Corp. electrodes info)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... One of the primary applications of graphite electrodes has been in the steel industry, as a means to melt scrap metal in electric arc furnaces. On an average day, these devices will be used to conduct electric currents as high as 150,000 amps...

Cleaning up nuclear plants.(Nuclear Fuel Cleaning Technology)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Over the past decade, nuclear power production has increased by over 20%. Fulfilling this need. however, has had its own unique set of challenges, one of which has been. Among them has been how to effectively remove buildup of deposits on the...

Regulating the grid.(SuperVAR Dynamic Synchronous Condenser )(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... There can be little doubt that as America moves forward, energy consumption and demand will continue to rise. This scenario will place a significant toll on the nation's electrical power grid, reinforcing the need for solutions to adequately...

Fuel-cell powered RFID.(Radio Frequency Identification equipment)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Mandates by organizations such as the Food & Drug Administration to integrate radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to shipping pallets and cases has been just one in a series of events that have catapulted RFID adoption. Responding to...

Judges.
September 1, 2005... The editors of R&D Magazine are grateful for the numerous hours this year s R&D 100 Judging Panel spent in evaluating the 2005 R&D 100 entries. Entries in the R&D 100 Awards competition are separated into functional categories and distributed...

Simplifying sample preparation.(Atmospheric Glow Technologies Inc PlasmaGen research instrument)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Preparation of microorganisms for qualitative and quantitative analysis typically consists of multi-step protocols and laborious, time-consuming manipulations such as freezing, boiling, and pulverization. In an effort to streamline this...

Improving cardiac imaging.(ultrasound transducers for imaging cardiac diseases)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Hearts of adult patients with cardiac disease are imaged using an ultrasound system. Typically, 5-10% of patients, however, cannot be diagnosed with ultrasound because the ultrasound wave has difficulty penetrating their acoustic window. On...

Simplifying hydrogenation.(Thales Nanotechnology Inc hydrogenator )(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Catalytic hydrogenation is an important technique for the reduction of chemical substances, but it is severely limited by harsh reaction conditions and potential hazards of catalyst handling. The emergence of combinatorial chemistry methods, by...

Boosting semiconductor manufacturing.(Laboratory Equipment)(diaphragm valve)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... In high productivity atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes, the valve is the principal component responsible for dispensing precursors and purging gases into the chamber in precisely measured, precisely timed pulses. Today's mass flow...

Broader refractometry.(higher version of Optilab rEX from Wyatt Technology Corp)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Differential refractometers have employed the same measurement technology for the past 40 yrs., using a split photodiode detector and analog circuitry. The Optilab rEX (refractometer with EXtended range) uses high-speed electronics, array...

Advancing optical telecommunications.(variable optical attenuator from Optimer Photonics)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The primary function of a fast variable optical attenuator (VOA) is the accurate control of transmission through an optical fiber in an optical telecommunications system. Conventional VOAs use the thermooptic effect (heat) to control this...

High power pulsed laser.(Lasers/Optics)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... High power tunable lasers have applications in industrial processing and scientific research. Some applications, such as treating metals to improve corrosion resistance, however, require laser power on the order of tens of kW. Researchers at...

Intuitive data extraction.(Quantapoint laser scanning technology)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Laser scanning technology is being adopted as the tool of choice for maintenance and modification of existing facilities. However, its application has been limited due to difficulty in using and sharing the data. Quantapoint PRISM 3D addresses...

Dynamic interferometry.(4D Technology Corporation interferometer system for telescope testing)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Due to difficulties in the manufacturing process, next-generation telescopes will likely be composed of segmented mirror arrays, rather than one monolithic technology. The PhaseCam 4010-MW will provide the necessary metrology for the alignment...

Focus factor.(Argonne National Laboratory Frensel lens for nanofocusing)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Fresnel lenses have long been used as focusing elements in common day devices such as flashlights and automobile headlights. The diffraction physics behind these lenses has also led to their inclusion in X-ray microscopes for soft X-rays....

Better sulfur analysis.(X-Ray Optical Systems Sindie for sulfur analysis)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... As part of ongoing efforts, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has mandated a reduction of sulfur in on-road fuels from the current level of 500 parts per million to as low as 15 ppm by 2006. Compounding the issue has been the...

Transitioning to optical fiber.(Xponent Photonics Triplexers for optical data delivery services)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Researchers at Xponent Photonics, Monrovia, Calif., are helping to speed the path to ubiquitous optical links for consumers worldwide with the development of the Xponent Triplexer XP4-0003. Triplexers are used to deliver "triple play"...

No need to swap.(X-ray diffractometer product info)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Over the past decade, single crystal X-ray diffraction has moved from being practiced by specialist crystallographers to a more "service" based technique in many research institutes. Traditionally, the diffractometers used in this service...

Advancing X-ray diffraction.(Bruker AXS, Inc VANTEC 2000 for measuring X-ray diffraction)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Measuring X-ray diffraction patterns can be an arduous task for researchers in today's R&D programs. A group of researchers at Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison, Wisc., have answered this call with the creation of the VANTEC 2000. This ultra-sensitive,...

Restoring nerve functionality.(bion microstimulator for treating neurological stimulus dysfunctions )(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... It's estimated that 50 million Americans suffer from neurological stimulus dysfunctions that could benefit from the treatment of an external stimulator. The bion microstimulator was developed to provide that assistance. The device is a...

A better look at heart disease.(Ion Mobility Analysis diagnostic process for cardiovascular disease)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Coronary heart disease is the single largest killer of American adults. A medical diagnostic process--Ion Mobility Analysis for Rapid Identification of Cardiovascular Disease Indicators--provides better data on the lipoprotein-related...

One small step for neuroscience.(Neural Matrix CCD bioelectronic product to study neurons)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The holy grail of neuroscience research is finding out how neurons in the human nervous system communicate with each other. And while neural networks consisting of less than 100 neurons have been studied extensively for years, very little is...

Tracking a potential pandemic.(Isis Pharmaceuticals biosensor for tracking infectious diseases)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... TIGER (Triangulation Identification for the Genetic Evaluation of Risk) is a universal biosensor that improves the way that infectious diseases are identified and tracked. In a single test, TIGER can rapidly, accurately, and cost-effectively...

Lower energy energy sources.(Genencor International enzyme product for ethanol production)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... As a petroleum replacement, ethanol has become an essential component of the U.S.'s total energy diet. The energy required to process biomass (mainly whole ground corn) into ethanol, however, is roughly half of the energy derived from the...

Testing drug-protein affinities.(Life Science)(Measuring Enzyme-Substrate Affinities)(Caldera Pharmaceuticals)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Measuring the binding affinity between a drug candidate and human proteins is a key element in the development of new drugs. A number of options exist for screening drugs against a few proteins, but few methods exist for screening a drug...

Signs of seizure.(Life Science)(SeizAlert)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... SeizAlert--a Seizure Alerting Device--is a low-cost, compact, wearable device designed to alert the wearer and medical personnel of an impending epileptic seizure. Developed by a research team at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tenn.,...

Focusing on the eye.(Life Science)
September 1, 2005... The human eye is an important organ affected by many disorders and diseases, such as diabetes. Detecting any defects with any level of high-resolution generally required the use of highly skilled technicians and devices called fundus cameras....

Controlling ship erosion.(Materials)(Arkema Inc)(ICD-1141 and ICD-1143 TG-S2 )(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Self-polishing marine antifoulant paints prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls. Researchers at Arkema Inc., King of Prussia, Penn., have developed a breakthrough in this technology with the ICD-1141 and ICD-1143 TG-S2 binders,...

Discovering more durable glass.(3M Abrasive Systems Division glass ceramics)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... The search for new glass formulations with the prospect of superior mechanical, chemical, and optical properties has provided a framework for researchers at 3M Abrasive Systems Division, St. Paul, Minn., to develop Alumina-Based Glass and...

High-temperature composites.(Materials)(NASA Langley Research Center)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Composite fabrication via resin infusion (RI), resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum assisted RTM (VARTM) require resins with low melt viscosity which flow well under low pressure at elevated temperatures. Commercially-available resins that...

Next-generation polymers.(Materials)
September 1, 2005... Researchers at The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, have developed a family of unique propylene-ethylene copolymers, dubbed VERSIFY Plastomers and Elastomers. VERSIFY plastomers and elastomers have a narrow molecular weight...

Lightweight tooling heats up.(Scion Industries LLC)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Composite materials that cure at high temperatures are becoming more prevalent in industry. Because of their high-temperature cure. only expensive metal tooling can be used to form these composites. Researchers from Sandia National...

Improving gas turbine engines.(Materials)
September 1, 2005... Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely applied to Ni-based superalloy components used in aircraft engine and power generation gas turbine engines to provide necessary thermal protection. Currently, the life-time of TBCs are hindered almost...

Environmentally-friendly conductive coatings.(Materials)
September 1, 2005... Transparent conductive coatings are essential to an ever-increasing number of fast-growing applications, such as flat panel displays, sensors, fiber optics, spacecrafts, and electronic packaging. These coatings are ultra-thin (100nm or less),...

Transforming composite processing.(Materials)
September 1, 2005... Metallic prepregs give users an opportunity to design and manufacture high-performance, cost-effective reinforced metal structures. They have greater specific strength and stiffness compared to monolithic metals and overcome matrix...

Nanosponges speed semiconductor devices.(Materials)
September 1, 2005... The semiconductor device industry is continually driven to improve performance. In order to achieve increasing speeds and decreasing costs, manufacturers have introduced new materials such as ultra-low k dielectrics. These dielectrics, however,...

Transferring CNT properties.(Materials)
September 1, 2005... Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 12 years ago, researchers around the world have harnessed their unique intrinsic properties for a variety of applications. Researchers at Zyvex Corp., Richardson, Texas, have taken this research to...

Building better batteries.(Materials)
September 1, 2005... Battery size and performance severely limit the size, robustness, and overall performance of consumer electronics. Although the evolution of nickel cadmium (NiCd) and lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries have provided significant improvements in...

Miniaturizing sensors.(Mechanical Systems)
September 1, 2005... Until now, the longest switching distance possible in a small-sized inductive proximity sensor was 1 mm. Researchers Manfred Jagiella and Sorin Fericean, of Balluff GmbH, Neuhausen, Germany, have used miniaturization and modern technology to...

A new approach to tire design.(Mechanical Systems)
September 1, 2005... The search for an all-season tire capable of handling any weather condition is one of the ultimate goals in the tire business. To that end, researchers at the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio, along with Sandia National Labs,...

Enhancing pipeline inspection.(Mechanical Systems)(Mechanical Damage Inspection Pig Using Dual Field Magnetic Flux Leakage)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Large volumes of energy products are transported via pipeline over long distances between production, processing, and consumption sites. The most common pipeline inspection method, magnetic flux leakage (MFL), uses high magnetic fields to...

Diamonds are electronics' best friend.(Mechanical Systems)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2005... Managing the heat generated in electronic components continues to be a major issue for design engineers. Researchers at Materials and Electrochemical Research (MER) Corp., Tucson. Ariz., have met this issue by developing HiTeSP3. HiTcSP3...

Improving HVAC.(Mechanical Systems )
September 1, 2005... Maintaining indoor air quality in commercial and institutional buildings is a balancing act in which temperature and humidity must be controlled while indoor air is mixed with outdoor air. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC)...

Creative nanotechnology.(Mechanical Systems)
September 1, 2005... NanoFoil is a nanoengineered heat source that enables lead-free soldering and brazing of materials at room temperature. Developed by Timothy Weihs and Omar Knio at Reactive NanoTechnologies (RNT) in Hunt Valley, Md., with support from...

Revitalizing fossil fuel reserves.(Mechanical Systems)
September 1, 2005... Most oil and gas reservoirs are much more extensive in their horizontal dimensions than in their vertical dimensions. By horizontally drilling a well, increased reserves from discovered, depleted gas and oil fields can result. To that end,...