The Journal of Ecclesiastical History articles from January 1996

The Journal of Ecclesiastical History archives from January 1996

The destruction of Jerusalem and the First Crusade.
January 1, 1996... The First Crusade was such an important event with such amazing consequences that it is hardly surprising that an enormous amount of ink has been spent on discovering the reasons why enthusiasm for it was so widespread. Much effort has been...

The household of Cardinal Langham.
January 1, 1996... Simon Langham, archbishop of Canterbury and former abbot of Westminster, was made cardinal priest of St Sixtus by Urban v on 22 September 68.(1) Resigning Canterbury, he joined the pope in Italy, formally entering on his duties at Montefiascone...

Crypto-Catholicism, anti-Calvinism and conversion at the Jacobean court: The enigma of Benjamin Carier.
January 1, 1996... One of the most problematic tasks which the historian must address is the assessment of people's opinions and the motives for their actions. There is violent disagreement about the opinions of individuals for whom there exist extensive archives...

Piety and politics in nineteenth-century Poitiers: the cult of St Radegund. (French saint)
January 1, 1996... St Radegund, a sixth-century royal ascetic who relinquished her position as the wife of a Frankish king and established a convent in Poitiers, is today a rather obscure French local saint. Yet in the nineteenth century, as a result of the...

The Australian bush brotherhoods and their English origins. (evangelistic missions)
January 1, 1996... O for a band of men that will preach like Apostles, ride like cowboys, and having food and raiment will therewith be content.(1) This winning and much-quoted declamation, made in Oxford in 1908 by G. H. Frodsham, the Anglican bishop of North...

Sanctity in early modern Italy. (hagiography)
January 1, 1996... Just as there can be no history without the historian, it is difficult to conceive of the cult of saints without hagiographers. These writers have told and retold the heroic deeds of holy men and women from late antiquity to the present day for...

Finzione e santita tra medioevo e eta moderna.
January 1, 1996... Just as there can be no history without the historian, it is difficult to conceive of the cult of saints without hagiographers. These writers have told and retold the heroic deeds of holy men and women from late antiquity to the present day for...

Modelli di santita e modelli di comportamento.
January 1, 1996... Just as there can be no history without the historian, it is difficult to conceive of the cult of saints without hagiographers. These writers have told and retold the heroic deeds of holy men and women from late antiquity to the present day for...

Naples et ses saints a l'age baroque (1540-1750).
January 1, 1996... Just as there can be no history without the historian, it is difficult to conceive of the cult of saints without hagiographers. These writers have told and retold the heroic deeds of holy men and women from late antiquity to the present day for...

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
January 1, 1996... Would the British make more of Gibbon had he worked harder at making himself into a Frenchman or perhaps even a Swiss, rather than developing into that rara avis, an English cosmopolitan? The contrast between the international attention...

Jahrbuch fur Antike und Christentum.
January 1, 1996... This number of the Jahrbuch is dedicated to Theodor Klauser (1894-1984), the founder of the Reallexikon and of the Jahrbuch fur Antike und Christentum. Its nine scholarly articles are more than usually concerned with the revision of opinions...

Theologische Realenzyklopadie XXII: Minicius Felix - Name/namengebung.
January 1, 1996... The article on name and its relation to magic and religion is of true importance, with a treatment of the changes of name at puberty or marriage, how the changes became harder to make as taxes and military service grew more efficient and how...

The Theology of Marriage in the East Syrian Tradition.
January 1, 1996... This book started life as a doctoral dissertation at the Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, Rome, a fact which is apparent to the reader from the layout of the chapters and the way in which the material is presented in small...

Sage, Saint and Sophist. Holy Men and Their Associates in the Early Roman Empire.
January 1, 1996... The rise of the holy man in the scholarship of the last twenty years or so has been meteoric. He has become the focus of a variety of intersecting interests: the mediating function he could exercise in his society, the presence of the divine he...

Die Didache II: Ergantze Auflage.
January 1, 1996... These two volumes are the first in a series which provides a full scale exposition of the Apostolic Fathers with a thoroughness which they have not received since Lightfoot. The Didache has, of course, attracted a mass of excellent work, and...

Der Hirt des Hermas.
January 1, 1996... These two volumes are the first in a series which provides a full scale exposition of the Apostolic Fathers with a thoroughness which they have not received since Lightfoot. The Didache has, of course, attracted a mass of excellent work, and...

The Epistle of Barnabas. Outlook and Background.
January 1, 1996... Relations between Jews, Christians and pagans in late antiquity which previously tended to be studied from the point of view of 'triumphant' Christianity are currently being reassessed by both ancient historians and theologians. All four books...

Romans and the Apologetic Tradition. The Purpose, Genre and Audience of Paul's Letter.
January 1, 1996... Relations between Jews, Christians and pagans in late antiquity which previously tended to be studied from the point of view of 'triumphant' Christianity are currently being reassessed by both ancient historians and theologians. All four books...

The Jews Among Pagans and Christians in the Roman Empire.
January 1, 1996... Relations between Jews, Christians and pagans in late antiquity which previously tended to be studied from the point of view of 'triumphant' Christianity are currently being reassessed by both ancient historians and theologians. All four books...

Anti-Judaism and Early Christian Identity. A Critique of the Scholarly Consensus.
January 1, 1996... Relations between Jews, Christians and pagans in late antiquity which previously tended to be studied from the point of view of 'triumphant' Christianity are currently being reassessed by both ancient historians and theologians. All four books...

Caesarius of Arles. The Making of a Christian Community in Late Antique Gaul.
January 1, 1996... In this immaculately structured study William Klingshirn intertwines the episodes of Caesarius' long life with their theological, political, social and economic background. In so doing, he makes use of archaeological and anthropological work as...

Ascetics and Ambassadors of Christ. The Monasteries of Palestine, 314 - 631.
January 1, 1996... Compared with the parallel movements in Egypt and Syria, Christian monasticism in Roman Palestine has been neglected by historians. Ascetics and ambassadors of Christ is a welcome addition to historical scholarship, and one which manifests a...

Christliche Exegese Zwischen Nicaea Und Chalcedon.
January 1, 1996... This slim volume in agreeably large print contains the papers given at a conference of the Patristische Arbeitsgemeinschaft, which took place in Berlin in January 1991. All but one (that of Horbury) are in German. There are three general...

Evolution de la pastorale chretienne de la mort aux IVe et Ve siecles dans l'occident latin.
January 1, 1996... This is a book that was waiting to be written. For various reasons, as Rebillard notes in his introduction, late antiquity has escaped the fashionable concern with the history of attitudes to death. On the face of it, the spread of Christianity...

Basilius von Caesarea. Briefe. Dritter Teil.
January 1, 1996... The letters translated and discussed in this volume, which completes the collection, illustrate the wide range of Basil's interests and correspondents. We see him as the theologian advancing and, as he believes, correcting doctrine, and as the...

Homiliae pseudo-Chrysostomicae. Instrumentum studiorum.
January 1, 1996... John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople from 397 to 404, was a prolific writer; his sermons, homilies, commentaries on Scripture and apologetic works against Jews and pagans fill sixteen volumes of Migne's Patrologia Graeco-Latina....

Die Lehre vo der Oikonomia Gottes in der Oratorio catechetica Gregors von Nyssa.
January 1, 1996... This work comes from a very able evangelical pastor in Berlin and appeared as part of his Promotion in 1994. In it he offers a careful analysis of Gregory's Catechetical oration (= Or. cat.). He well and convincingly illustrates Gregory's...

Pelagius's Commentary on St Paul's Epistle to the Romans.
January 1, 1996... Pelagius is best known through the eyes of his opponents. So many of his writings are either of doubtful authenticity or only preserved as quotations in works refuting them. Now in this slim volume Theodore de Bruyn has provided a translation...

Augustinus-Lexicon, I:Fasc. 1/2.
January 1, 1996... With these two parts, the first volume of this remarkable and excellent lexicon achieves completion, and congratulations are due to the editor and his advisers and also to the publisher. The new matter contains the editor's preface in German,...

Traditio Augustiniana. Studien uber Augustinus und seine Rezeption. Festabe fur Willigis Eckermann OSA zum 60. Geburtstag.
January 1, 1996... This volume in honour of a learned member of the Augustinian Order in Germany contains twenty-four substantial contributions, the majority being devoted to a field of study in which the honorand holds a distinguished place, namely the late...

St Cyril of Alexandria. The Christological Controversy. Its History, Theology, and Texts.
January 1, 1996... Much of Cyril's writing is inaccessible to the English-reading student, and this work helps open up the texts. Besides familiar conciliar documents, and some found in Lionel R. Wickham's Cyril of Alexandria: select letters (Oxford 1983), we now...

The Formation of the Medieval West. Studies in the Oral Culture of the Barbarians.
January 1, 1996... Richter's book is in several respects an enigma. Neither its title nor its subtitle describes its contents. We must therefore have recourse to what the author has to tell us. Thus, 'The aim and purpose of this book [is] to set the oral culture...

Communications and Power in Medieval Europe. The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries.
January 1, 1996... At his death in 1995 Karl Leyser was preparing a collection of those articles not included in his first volume of collected essays, Medieval Germany and its neighhours. The task was taken over by Timothy Reuter, who has divided the material...

From Alfred the Great to Stephen.
January 1, 1996... While this collection of his essays was in press, R. H. C. Davis died. It makes a memorial as finely-chiselled and fitting as that which marks his grave. The volume contains those familiar, classic essays which in many cases have become the...

Benedictine Maledictions. Liturgical Cursing in Romanesque France.
January 1, 1996... This important study of monastic cursing from the ninth to the twelfth century shows how the procedure of 'clamour' - which, in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, had involved petitioning a magistrate, often on behalf of poor people (pp....

Arnulf von Mailand. Liber gestorum recentium.
January 1, 1996... Arnulf of Milan was born c. 1000 into a leading family which, in the 970s, had provided the city with an archbishop. Arnulf himself was probably a member of the cathedral clergy for whose rights in the election of an archbishop he strongly...

Laics dans l'Eglise. Regards de Pierre Damien, Anselme de Cantorbery, Yves de Chartres.
January 1, 1996... Michel Grandjean, of the universities of Geneva and Lausanne, has painted a triptych, as he terms it, depicting the way in which three major writers of the period between 1050 and 1115 understood the position of the laity in the Church. All...

The Theotokos Evergetis and Eleventh-Century Monasticism. papers of the Third Belfast Byzantine International Colloquium.
January 1, 1996... The buzz word among the Byzantinists of Belfast in the last few years has been the Evergetis project. The effervescent Margaret Mullett and the indefatigable Anthony Kirby have now edited the collected papers of an international colloquium on...

Byzantium and the Crusader States: 1096-1204.
January 1, 1996... The relationship between the Byzantine empire and the Crusader States was a complicated and, at times, contradictory affair. This important book does much to advance our understanding of these events and this readable translation will open the...

Recueil des actes de Louis VI roi de France (1108-1137), I.: Actes anterieurs a l'avenement et 1108-1125; II: 1126-1137 et appendices; III: Introduction.
January 1, 1996... Jean Dufour, building upon the massive achievement, a century ago, of Achille Luchaire (Louis VI le Gros: annales de sa vie et de son regne (1081-1137), avec une introduction historique, Paris 1890; repr. Brussels 1964), has produced a superb...

Bernhard von Clairvaux als Vermittler an der Kurie. Eine Auswertung seiner Briefsammlung.
January 1, 1996... One might have thought that there was very little more to say about Bernard of Clairvaux's role in the twelfth-century Church, but this carefully crafted study on his numerous approaches to the papacy on behalf of one party or another, in...

Bernard of Clairvaux and the Shape of Monastic Thought. Broken Dreams.
January 1, 1996... When St Augustine became a Christian he thought the past was behind him. The 'old' man had died. But in Book x of the Confessions he admits that his former self was not dead after all. It was this wiser Augustine who, pace Pelagius, came to see...

Summa 'Elegantius in iure diuino' seu Coloniensis, IIII.
January 1, 1996... Gerard Fransen died at the beginning of April 1995. This fourth volume completes the edition of the Summa 'Elegantius in iure diuino', the first having been published in 1969. Although several more editions are in press, this is only the second...

Haguccio. The Life, Works and Thought of a Twelfth-Century Jurist.
January 1, 1996... On ouvre ce livre avec grande curiosite. Le plus celebre, le plus imposant, le plus important des canonistes de l'epoque classique aurait-li enfin trouve son biographe et un connaisseur de sa doctrine? Mais bientot il faut dechanter car le...

Die Briefsammlungen des 12. Jahrhunderts in St Viktor Paris. Entstehung, Uberlieferung und Bedeutung fur die Geschichte der Abtei.
January 1, 1996... At the heart of this excellent study on the letter-collections of Saint-Victor lies an examination of the origins, nature and significance of the two major compilations which were made in the great Parisian abbey in the late 1170s and 1180s....

The Past and Future of Medieval Studies.
January 1, 1996... This volume contains more than two dozen papers from a conference held at the Medieval Institute of Notre Dame University in 1992. The papers discuss not only the challenges which the field of medieval studies faces, but some of its more...

Scotichronicon, IV: Books VII and VIII.
January 1, 1996... This fine volume contains two very different books of Bower's Scotichronicon. Book vii is an extraordinary compilation largely derived from Vincent of Beauvais. Having reached the reign of King Malcolm in Book VI, Bower went back in time to...

Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture.
January 1, 1996... Reviewing this important book has led me to reflect on why eucharistic matters have become relatively marginalised in the study of late medieval and Renaissance art. As a graduate student researching early Christian art, the eucharist had...

The Tomb and the Tiara. Curial Tomb Sculpture in Rome and Avignon in the Later Middle Ages.
January 1, 1996... Not until his death in 1268 did work commence on Clement IV's tomb. When in 1352 Clement VI went the way of all flesh, however, his final resting place was all ready and waiting. It would therefore have been as easy for Julian Gardner to have...

The Armor of Light. Stained Glass in Western France, 1250-1325.
January 1, 1996... The armor of light is the sequel and companion to the same author's The stained glass of Saint-Pere de Chartres (1978). The western school of glass painting that was there adumbrated in ten pages is here explored in over 400. The two books are...

The Cathedral. The Social and Architectural Dynamics of Construction.
January 1, 1996... The armor of light is the sequel and companion to the same author's The stained glass of Saint-Pere de Chartres (1978). The western school of glass painting that was there adumbrated in ten pages is here explored in over 400. The two books are...

English Episcopal Acta, IX: Winchester 1205-1238.
January 1, 1996... The warrior of Winchester, up at the Exchequer Sharp at accounting, slack at the Scripture Revolving the royal roll... The subject of these satirical lines (translated by Michael Clanchy) was Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester between...

The Records of the Medieval Ecclesiastical Courts. Reports of the Working Group on Church Court Records, II: England.
January 1, 1996... This is the seventh of (at present) fifteen volumes produced by various working groups of legal historians, under the auspices of the Gerda Henkel Stiftung, for a series entitled Comparative Studies in Continental and Anglo-American Legal...

Synodicon Hispanum, VI: Avila y Segovia.
January 1, 1996... Spanish synodal legislation does not lend itself to continuous reading; good intentions have a certain repetitive quality and the laws only obliquely point us towards a guess at what was really happening. These texts from the heart of Castile...

The Byzantine Lady. Ten Portraits: 1250-1500.
January 1, 1996... In these feminist days there is a growing interest among historians in the position of women in Byzantium. Professor Nicol's scholarly and very readable contribution to the subject is a volume containing biographical studies of ten ladies who...

The Register of John Waltham, Bishop of Salisbury: 1388-1395.
January 1, 1996... This is a carefully produced abstract in English of a 233-folio register, with a useful introduction on the life of Waltham and his activities as bishop. There are appendixes including unregistered acta, acquisitions of benefices and the...

Fifteenth-Century Attitudes. Perceptions of Society in Late Medieval England.
January 1, 1996... The cult of empathy in history teaching often meets with mistrust in scholarly circles. In this collective effort to get 'inside the skin' of fifteenth-century attitudes, Rosemary Horrox and her collaborators have demonstrated, superbly, how...

English Preaching in the Late Middle Ages.
January 1, 1996... One of the more disconcerting virtues of H. Leith Spencer's remarkably thorough and original survey of late medieval English sermons is the author's ability to anticipate more or less every criticism that a reviewer might make of his laborious...

Repertorium Germanicum, VIII: Verzeichnis der in den Registern und Kameralakten Pius' II. Vorkommenden Personen, Kirchen und Orte des Deutschen Reiches, seiner Diozesen und Territorien: 1458-1464.
January 1, 1996... The publication of the papal letters and petitions and of the acta of the papal chamber which are to be found in the various series of registers in the Vatican Archives presents formidable problems. The material is of such historical value that...

St Albans will 1471-1500.
January 1, 1996... Included among the plentiful surviving records of the archdeaconry of St Albans are fourteen probate registers containing copies of wills proved in the archdeacon's court between 1415 and 1545. From the register for the years 1471-1536 the...

Venice's Hidden Enemies: Italian Heretics in a Renaissance City.
January 1, 1996... These books add enormously to our knowledge of currents of religiosity in the sixteenth century. Although both focus on the Veneto, the implications of this research reach well beyond a single Italian region. With its enduring republican...

Riforma ed eresia a Vicenza nel Cinquecento.
January 1, 1996... These books add enormously to our knowledge of currents of religiosity in the sixteenth century. Although both focus on the Veneto, the implications of this research reach well beyond a single Italian region. With its enduring republican...

Jewish Life in Renaissance Italy.
January 1, 1996... The English translation of Bonfil's book, originally published in Italy in 1991, should be welcomed by scholars of Renaissance history who want to give their students an up-to-date, scholarly, reliable and methodologically acute account of the...

The Social Dimension of Piety: Associative Life and Devotional Change in the Penitent Confraternities of Marseilles.
January 1, 1996... During the period covered by this book, Marseilles had fourteen confraternities of penitents, omitting three which had an ephemeral existence during the Religious Wars. (The list with historical details in the appendix seems to include only...

Balthasar Hubmaier's Doctrine of the Church.
January 1, 1996... Eddie Marby's work is a welcome addition to search on Hubmaier. The style is clear and readable; the structure of the book makes possible easy identification of the five aspects of Hubmaier's theology (discussed in chs ii-vi) - doctrines of the...

Thomas Muntzer. Apocalyptic Mystic and Revolutionary.
January 1, 1996... This excellent translation of Hans-Jurgen Goertz's German biography of Muntzer (which presents Muntzer's prose in the language of the now standard English translation by Peter Matheson) is a significant enrichment of the English literature on...

Between Known Men and Visible Saints: A Study in Sixteenth-Century English Dissent.
January 1, 1996... This is a detailed survey of the radical religious ideas that circulated in mid-Tudor England. Throughout the book, the beliefs of individuals like Henry Hart, Joan Bocher and Christopher Vitels are examined in their relationship to the...

Die Ausleihe Vatikanischer Handschriften und Druckwerke.
January 1, 1996... In 1942 Maria Bertola, in part following Muntz and Fabre, published an edition of the registers recording use of the Vatican Library between 1475 and 1548. By the mid sixteenth century many of the assumptions and hopes that had governed the...

The Reformation and the Visual Arts: The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe.
January 1, 1996... In his book The power of images (Chicago 1989) David Freedberg has written of the capacity of visual representations to arouse in their viewers an almost boundless variety of behavioural and psychological reactions, producing the cluster of...

Wondrous in His Saints: Counter-Reformation Propaganda in Bavaria.
January 1, 1996... In his book The power of images (Chicago 1989) David Freedberg has written of the capacity of visual representations to arouse in their viewers an almost boundless variety of behavioural and psychological reactions, producing the cluster of...

Romische Kardinalshaushalte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Borghese-Barberini-Chigi.
January 1, 1996... From the thirteenth century to the eighteenth the households of cardinals, separate from but contingent to the household of the pope, were among the most important European centres of opportunity in employment, information, influence and...

Minutes of the Consistory of the French Church of London, Threadneedle Street, 1679-92.
January 1, 1996... In this volume, Robin Gwynn has put into calendar form and provided a translation of the minutes of the consistory of the French Church of Threadneedle Street, a Reformed church in the heart of the English capital which had long (since 1550)...

Catalogue of the Law Society's Mendham Collection Lent to the University of Kent at Canterbury and Housed in Canterbury Cathedral Library.
January 1, 1996... Joseph Mendham (1769-1856) was a Church of England clergyman of substantial independent means who devoted his life to scholarly work on the controversy with Roman Catholicism. In furtherance of his interests he collected an important library of...

Neither King Nor Prelate. Religion and the New Nation: 1776-1826.
January 1, 1996... 'In the beginning was complexity', the author writes, 'and the complexity has endured' (p. 3). Edwin S. Gaustad, Emeritus Professor of history at the University of California, Riverside, offers here a succinct and compelling treatment of...

Religion in a Revolutionary Age.
January 1, 1996... The Revolutionary era has inspired some of the most innovative and imaginative scholarship among American historians for a quarter of a century and more. An extended series of conference papers, sponsored by the United States Capitol Historical...

Faithful Witness. The Life and Mission of William Carey.
January 1, 1996... Carey has been the subject of many biographies, though the newer ones have not added a great deal to the older accounts. Timothy George's purpose is 'to commemorate Carey's remarkable venture of faith and to encourage Christians in the last...

Purge This Realm: A Life of Joseph Rayner Stephens.
January 1, 1996... The works under review constitute studies of two significant nineteenth-century clerical figures who applied their understanding of Christianity to aspects of the moral, social and political condition of their respective societies. Joseph...

Dependence and Freedom: The Moral Thought of Horace Bushnell.
January 1, 1996... The works under review constitute studies of two significant nineteenth-century clerical figures who applied their understanding of Christianity to aspects of the moral, social and political condition of their respective societies. Joseph...

Religion and the Rise of Labour: Nonconformity and the Independent Labour Movement in Lancashire and the West Riding 1880-1914.
January 1, 1996... That there was some relationship between Nonconformity and the early political Labour movement has long been a historiographical commonplace. As long ago as the start of this century it was being implied that Chartism owed a debt, in terms of...

The Church Faces the Modern World.
January 1, 1996... The editors of this book, after what they describe as 'painful selection', here publish the most important contributions to a conference held at the University of Hull for the centenary of Pope Leo XIII's encyclical, Rerum novarum. Five papers...

Vatican II commence....Approches francophones.
January 1, 1996... This volume, the papers of a conference held in March 1992 at Lyons, forms part of a vast programme for the scholarly analysis of the second Vatican Council directed by the Institute of Religious Sciences in Bologna. Two earlier works forming...

Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology.
January 1, 1996... This splendid dictionary provides an almost completely adequate one-stop service for Scottish church history. The backbone of the dictionary is, inevitably and properly, prosopographical: there are good, incisive and usefully-referenced...