Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs articles from March 2011

Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs archives from March 2011

The proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): provisions and implications.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents The KORUS FTA in a Nutshell Agriculture Automobiles Other Key Provisions Estimates of the Overall Economic Effects of a KORUS FTA An Overview of the U.S.-South Korean Economic Relationship U.S. and South Korean Objectives in...

Oman: reform, security, and U.S. policy.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Democratization and Human Rights Election History Broader Human Rights Issues Religious Freedom Advancement of Women Trafficking in Persons Evidence of Dissatisfaction: February 2011 Unrest...

Membership of the 112th Congress: a profile.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Party Breakdown Age Occupations Education Congressional Service Religion Gender and Ethnicity Female Members African American Members Hispanic Members Asian Pacific American Members American Indian Members Foreign Birth...

Iraq: politics, elections, and benchmarks.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Overview of the Political Transition/First Elections Initial Transition January 30, 2005, Elections for an Interim Government Permanent Constitution December 15, 2005, Elections Political Reconciliation and Subsequent Elections...

Conventional prompt global strike and long-range ballistic missiles: background and issues.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Background The Prompt Global Strike Mission (PGS) Rationale for the PGS Mission PGS and the U.S. Strategic Command Potential Targets for the PGS Mission Conventional Ballistic Missiles and the PGS Mission...

Trade promotion authority and the U.S.-South Korea free trade agreement.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction 2010 Changes to the KORUS FTA Congressional Consideration of Implementing Bills Fast Track Consideration of the KORUS FTA Does the Bill Approve an Agreement "Entered Into" in 2007? Does the Bill Make "Necessary and...

The U.S. trade deficit, the dollar, and the price of oil.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Overview The Dollar and the Price of Oil Real and Nominal Oil Prices Major Currencies The Price of Oil Oil Exchanges Oil Demand and Supply The International Exchange Value of the Dollar Capital Flows U.S. Financial...

Managing the nuclear fuel cycle: policy implications of expanding global access to nuclear power.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Renewed Interest in Nuclear Power Expansion Worldwide Nuclear Power Status Nuclear Fuel Services Market Yellowcake Conversion Enrichment Fuel Fabrication Final Stages of the Fuel Cycle ...

Bahrain: reform, security, and U.S. policy.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents The Political Structure, Reform, and Human Rights Post-Charter Elections 2002 Elections 2006 Elections The 2010 National Assembly and Municipal Election: Prelude to the Uprising February 2011 Uprising...

Afghanistan: politics, elections, and government performance.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Post-Taliban Transition and Political Landscape Afghan Authority Structures and Politics Ethnicity, Tribal, and Personal Relations Establishment of The Afghan Government Structure Bonn Agreement Permanent...

Yemen: background and U.S. relations.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Unrest in Yemen: Will Saleh Stay in Power? Timeline of Protests Who Comes After Saleh? Country Overview A Perpetually Failing State: Yemen and the Dilemma for U.S. National Security Policy Manifestations of State Failure in...

The congressional budget process: a brief overview.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents The Basic Framework The Budget Cycle The Budget Resolution and Reconciliation The Appropriations Process Revenue and Public Debt Legislation Budget Enforcement and Sequestration March 3, 2011 Summary The term "budget process,"...

Intelligence issues for Congress.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Most Recent Developments Background and Analysis Intelligence Community Authorization Legislation The "INTs": Intelligence Disciplines Other "INTs" Integrating the "INTs" Intelligence Budget Process The 9/11...

Europe's preferential trade agreements: status, content, and implications.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Status and Primary Motivations of Europe's PTAs Agreements with Future EU Members or Close Neighbors Acceding Countries European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Western Balkans Other...

Cote d'Ivoire's post-election crisis.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction and Implications for the United States Post-Electoral Crisis Competing Electoral Victory Claims International Recognition of Ouattara Resisted by Gbagbo Political Tension and Violence Casualties and...

China and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and missiles: policy issues.
March 1, 2011... March 3, 2011 Summary Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and...

Purpose and scope.(China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances U.S. security interests in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles as well as obtaining...

PRC proliferation challenges.(China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Partial Nonproliferation Commitments Since 1991, Beijing has taken steps to address U.S. and other countries' concerns by increasing its partial participation in international nonproliferation regimes and issuing export control regulations....

Policy issues and options.(China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Issues for Policy Weapons proliferation by the PRC and/or its organizations raises policy issues concerning: (1) assessments of the nature and seriousness of the PRC government's role in the proliferation threat; (2) the priority of this...

Sudan: the crisis in Darfur and status of the North-South peace agreement.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Recent Developments South Sudan and Abyei Referenda Unresolved CPA Issues Status of Abyei Border Demarcation, Citizenship Rights, and Other Issues Preparation for Independence The April 2010 Elections: Background...

Iran: U.S. Concerns and policy responses.
March 1, 2011... March 4, 2011 Summary The Obama Administration views Iran as a major threat to U.S. national security interests, a perception generated not only by Iran's nuclear program but also by its military assistance to armed groups in Iraq and...

Political history.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2011... The United States was an ally of the late Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ("the Shah"), who ruled from 1941 until his ouster in February 1979. The Shah assumed the throne when Britain and Russia forced his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi (Reza...

Regime structure, stability, and opposition. (Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses).(Report)
March 1, 2011... Iran's regime has always been considered authoritarian, but with a degree of popular input and checks and balances among power centers. The Shiite cleric that led the revolution that founded the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah...

Other human rights practices.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2011... International criticism of Iran's human rights practices predates and transcends the crackdown against the Green movement. Table 3, which discusses the regime's record on a number of human rights issues, is based largely on the latest State...

Iran's strategic capabilities and weapons of mass destruction programs.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Many in the Obama Administration view Iran, as the Bush Administration did, as one of the key national security challenges facing the United States. (9) This assessment is based largely on Iran's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and...

Foreign policy and support for terrorist groups.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Iran's foreign policy is a product of the ideology of Iran's Islamic revolution, blended with longstanding national interests and what some describe as a near obsession about U.S. strategic power. Some of Iran's leaders, including Ahmadinejad,...

U.S. policy approaches and additional options.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)(Report)
March 1, 2011... The February 11, 1979, fall of the Shah of Iran, a key U.S. ally, opened a long and deep rift in U.S.-Iranian relations. As noted in the section on Iran's foreign policy and support of terrorism, U.S.-Iran differences significantly transcend the...

Conclusion.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Mistrust between the United States and Iran's Islamic regime has run deep for more than three decades. Some argue that, no matter who is in power in Tehran, the United States and Iran have a common long-term interest in stability in the Persian...

International criminal court cases in Africa: status and policy issues.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Recent Developments Background Overview of the International Criminal Court The U.S. Position on the ICC The ICC and Other International Courts and Tribunals Congressional Interest in ICC Activities in Africa ICC Cases...

Terrorist use of the internet: information operations in cyberspace.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Background Why and How International Terrorists Use the Internet Propaganda, Recruitment, and Training Cybercrime and Fund-Raising Cyberattacks Federal Government Efforts to Address Cyberterrorism Federal Government Monitoring...

Cote d'Ivoire's post-election crisis.
March 1, 2011... March 9, 2011 Summary Cote d'Ivoire has entered a renewed period of extreme political instability, accompanied by significant political violence, following a contested presidential election designed to cap an often forestalled peace...

Recent developments.(Cote d'Ivoires Post-Election Crisis)
March 1, 2011... The two contenders in Cote d'Ivoire's November 28, 2010 presidential election runoff election, Laurent Gbagbo (baag-boh) and his rival, former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara (wah-tahrah), both continue to claim to have won the runoff, to...

Introduction and implications for the United States.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Cote d'Ivoire, a former French West African colony of 21.1 million people that is nearly as large as New Mexico and is the world's leading cocoa producer, has entered a renewed period of extreme political instability in the wake of a contested...

Post-electoral crisis.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
March 1, 2011... On November 28, 2010, a presidential election runoff vote was held between the incumbent president, Laurent Gbagbo, and former Prime Minister Alassane Dramane Ouattara, the two candidates who had garnered the most votes, 38% and 32%,...

International reactions.(Cote d'Ivoires Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Much of the international community--with one exception and some qualifications among African governments--has rejected Gbagbo's claim of electoral victory and endorsed Ouattara as the legally elected president of Cote d'Ivoire. In response to...

U.S. diplomatic and policy responses.(Cote d'Ivoires Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
March 1, 2011... U.S. Stance On December 3, 2010, President Obama publicly congratulated Ouattara on his electoral victory, and stated that the IEC, "credible and accredited observers, and the United Nations have all confirmed this result and attested to its...

U.S. relations, assistance, and elections support.(Cote d'Ivoires Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
March 1, 2011... U.S.-Ivoirian relations were traditionally cordial, but became strained after the 1999 ouster of former president Henri Konan Bedie in 1999 in a military coup by the late General Robert Guei, and remained so during President Gbagbo's tenure. The...

Outlook.(Cote d'Ivoires Post-Election Crisis)
March 1, 2011... As of early March 2011, both the Ouattara and Gbagbo camps were rigidly adhering to their respective positions, and mediation by regional bodies, such as ECOWAS and the AU, had yielded few concrete prospects for a peaceful resolution of the...

Appendixes.(Cote d'Ivoires Post-Election Crisis)
March 1, 2011... Appendix A. Background on the Election The Long-Stymied Peace Process The 2010 presidential election was the main political objective of a peace process aimed at reunifying Cote d'Ivoire under a series of political-military agreements...

U.S. strategic nuclear forces: background, developments, and issues.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Background: The Strategic Triad Force Structure and Size During the Cold War Force Structure and Size After the Cold War Current and Future Force Structure and Size Strategic Nuclear Delivery Vehicles: Recent Plans...

The United Arab Emirates (UAE): issues for U.S. policy.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Governance, Human Rights, and Reform Status of Political Reform Political Unrest Avoided in UAE Human Rights-Related Issues Press Freedoms Justice/Rule of Law Women's Rights Religious Freedom Labor Rights ...

Saudi Arabia: background and U.S. relations.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Recent Developments Regional Unrest and Saudi Reactions Domestic Security and Human Rights Leadership Developments. U.S.-Saudi Relations and U.S. Foreign Assistance Economic Relations and Trade U.S.-Saudi Trade Appendixes Appendix...

Middle East and North Africa unrest: implications for oil and natural gas markets.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Short-Term Pricing Pressures Unrest Contributes to Higher Oil Prices Impacts on the U.S. Oil Market U.S. Natural Gas More Insulated from MENA Turmoil Long-Term Considerations: Risks May Persist Policy...

Bahrain: reform, security, and U.S. policy.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents The Political Structure, Reform, and Human Rights Post-Charter Elections 2002 Elections 2006 Elections The 2010 National Assembly and Municipal Election: Prelude to the Uprising February 2011 Uprising ...

The strategic petroleum reserve and refined product reserves: authorization and drawdown policy.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Establishment of the SPR SPR Drawdown Authorities Acquisition of Crude Oil for the SPR Royalty-in-Kind Acquisition Royalty-in-Kind Termination The Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve SPR Expansion Bayou Choctaw...

The federal budget: issues for FY2011, FY2012, and beyond.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Overview Budget Cycle Budget Baseline Projections Spending and Revenue Trends Federal Spending Federal Revenue Deficits, Debt, and Interest Federal Deficits Federal Debt and Debt Limit Net Interest Budgeting...

U.S. tsunami programs: a brief overview.(Report)
March 1, 2011... March 14, 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami An 8.9 magnitude massive earthquake struck off Japan's northeast coast near Honshu in the afternoon on Friday, March 11, 2011 (12:46 a.m. eastern time in the United States). The earthquake...

Haiti's national elections: issues and concerns.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Background to the Current Elections The Presidential Race The First Round of Voting Contested results and an impasse Investigations and revised results The Legislative Race The Second Round Of...

Japan 2011 disaster: CRS experts.(Congressional Research Service)(Directory)
March 1, 2011... March 15, 2011 Summary The following table provides access to names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns relating to the nuclear and humanitarian disaster unfolding in Japan. Policy areas identified include *...

Fukushima nuclear crisis.(Report)
March 1, 2011... March 15, 2011 Summary of the Crisis The earthquake on March 11, 2011, off the east coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island, reportedly caused an automatic shutdown (called a "scram") of eleven of Japan's fifty-five operating nuclear power...

The Kaesong North-South Korean Industrial Complex.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Developments from March 2010-June 2010 The KIC Survives Inter-Korean Tensions in 2010 The KIC and Inter-Korean Relations Implications for U.S. Interests The Development of the Kaesong Industrial Complex Issues Related to the...

Japan 2011 earthquake: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) response.(Report)
March 1, 2011... March 17, 2011 Overview With almost 40,000 U.S. troops stationed in Japan, the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami is unique in that U.S. forces and associated resources were located in close proximity to deal with the crisis. All...

Declarations of war and authorizations for the use of military force: historical background and legal implications.(Report)
March 1, 2011... March 17, 2011 Summary From the Washington Administration to the present, Congress and the President have enacted 11 separate formal declarations of war against foreign nations in five different wars. Each declaration has been preceded by...

Introduction.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Article I, [section] 8, of the Constitution vests in Congress the power "to declare War." Pursuant to that power, Congress has enacted 11 declarations of war during the course of American history relating to five different wars, the most recent...

Previous declarations of war.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2011... From the Washington Administration to the present, there have been 11 separate formal declarations of war against foreign nations enacted by Congress and the President, encompassing five different wars-the War of 1812 with Great Britain, the War...

Implications under international law.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2011... Traditionally, peace and war have been deemed under international law to be distinctive forms of relations between states. Thus, peace has been defined as a condition in which States maintain order and justice, solve their problems by...

Implications under domestic law.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Early American jurisprudence drew a distinction between general, or perfect, war and limited, or imperfect, war, and understood a declaration of war under Article I, [section] 8, of the Constitution to commit the nation to a general war. Justice...

Itemization of standby statutory authorities.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2011... Under ordinary circumstances the President exercises the powers conferred on him by the Constitution and by statutes enacted by Congress. As noted in the preceding section, in extraordinary circumstances a number of additional statutory powers...

(1) Statutory authorities triggered by a declaration of war.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Many of following provisions can be triggered by circumstances other than a declaration of war. But all would come into effect upon enactment of a declaration of war: Congressional Budget Act 2 U.S.C.A. [section] 198(b)--provides that the...

(2) Statutory authorities triggered by the existence of a state of war (and thus also by a declaration of war).(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Report)
March 1, 2011... In addition to the statutes that are explicitly triggered by a declaration of war, a number come into the effect if a state of war, or period of war, or simply "war" exists. Because a declaration of war automatically creates a state of war,...

(3) Statutory authorities triggered by declaration or existence of national emergency.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Report)
March 1, 2011... As noted, many of the statutes in the previous two subsections can also be triggered not only by a declaration of war or the existence of a state of war but also by a declaration of national emergency. There are, in addition, a number of...

Congressional procedures for declaring war or authorizing the use of force.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Report)
March 1, 2011... The following section discusses how Congress would act on a joint resolution or bill to declare war or authorize the use of force if the House and Senate were to consider that measure under the regular procedures of each house. It also describes...

Appendixes.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Appendix)
March 1, 2011... Appendix A. Texts of Formal Declarations of War by the United States War with Great Britain 1812 (Act of Jun. 18, 1812, ch. 102, 2 Stat 755) CHAP. CII.--An Act declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and...

Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011.(Report)
March 1, 2011... March 18, 2011 Summary Ninety-one women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 74 in the House (50 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th...

Introduction.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Two hundred seventy four women have been elected or appointed to the U.S. Congress. (1) Jeannette Rankin (R-MT) has the distinction of being the first woman elected to serve in Congress. On November 9, 1916, she was elected to the House of...

Historical overview of women in Congress.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Between the 65th Congress (1917-1918) and the 103rd Congress, the number of women serving in Congress increased incrementally, and on one occasion, dropped slightly from 20 women (3.7%) in the 95th Congress to 17 women (3.2%) in the 96th...

Women in Congress as compared with women in other legislative bodies.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... The percentage of voting female representation in Congress (16.6%) is slightly lower than averages of female representation in other countries. Women represent 19.2% of national legislative seats across the entire world. The Inter-Parliamentary...

Female firsts in Congress.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA) was the first woman to serve in the Senate. She was appointed in 1922 to fill the unexpired term of a Senator...

Length of service.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Edith Nourse Rogers (R-MA) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress (35 years). She was elected to the House to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, John Jacob Rogers (R-MA, 1913-1925). Mrs. Rogers served...

How women enter Congress.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Article I, section 2, clause 4 of the United States Constitution states that "[W]hen vacancies happen in the Representation from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies." Therefore, all...

Women who have served in both houses.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Margaret Chase Smith (R-ME) was the first of eight women to serve in both houses of Congress, as well as the first woman elected to the Senate without first having been elected or appointed to fill a vacant Senate seat. Senator Smith was first...

Women in leadership positions.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)
March 1, 2011... A significant number of women in Congress have held positions of party leadership other than committee chairman. (10) House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) held the highest position of leadership ever held by a woman in the United States government....

African American women in Congress.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Fifteen African American women serve in the 112th Congress, the same number as in the past two Congresses. A record number of 17 African American women were elected to the House in the 110th Congress, although 14 was the highest number to serve...

Asian American women in Congress.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Patsy Mink (D-HI) was the first of six Asian Pacific American women to serve in Congress, all in the House. Representative Mink served in the House from 1965 to 1977, and from 1990 to 2002. The other Asian Pacific American women are...

Hispanic women in Congress.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Brief article)
March 1, 2011... Eight Hispanic women have served in Congress, all in the House, and seven of them serve in the 112th Congress. Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL, 1989-present) is the first Cuban-American and first Hispanic woman to serve in Congress....

Tables and data.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)
March 1, 2011... The list and tables that follow provide information on women Members of Congress, including the dates they were first elected, the Congresses in which they served, the committees on which they served, and, where relevant, the committees they...

Alphabetical listing.(ABEL, HAZEL HEMPEL-KELLY, SUE)(List)
March 1, 2011... ABEL, HAZEL HEMPEL. Republican; Nebraska, Senator. Elected to the 83rd Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dwight P. Griswold and filled in the interim by Eva Bowring. (served November 8, 1954 until her resignation...

Alphabetical listing.(KENNELLY, BARBARA BAILEY-WOOLSEY, LYNN)(List)
March 1, 2011... KENNELLY, BARBARA BAILEY. Democrat; Connecticut, 1st District. Elected to the 97th Congress in a January 12, 1982 special election, to fill vacancy caused by death of William R. Cotter; reelected to the 98th-105th Congresses. (served January 25,...

Table 1. Women in Congress, 65th-112th Congresses, by Congress.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Report)(List)
March 1, 2011... Table 1. Women in Congress, 65th-112th Congresses, by Congress Congress Dates House Senate 112th 2011-2013 Sandy Adams Kelly Ayotte Michelle Bachmann Barbara Boxer...

Table 2. Women in Congress, 65th-112th Congresses, by state or territory.(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Table)
March 1, 2011... Table 2. Women in Congress, 65th-112th Congresses, by State or Territory California (34 women) Karen Bass Jane Harman Linda Sanchez Mary Bono Mack Florence Prag Kahn Loretta Sanchez Barbara Boxer (a) ...

Table 3. Number of women in Congress, 65th-112th Congresses (1917-2013).(Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011)(Statistical table)
March 1, 2011... Table 3. Number of Women in Congress, 65th-112th Congresses (1917-2013) Congress Years Total Number Number Number of Women of Women of Women in House in Senate ...

U.S. tsunami programs: a brief overview.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Tsunami Warning Centers The National Tsunami Hazards Mitigation Program Detecting Tsunamis and Issuing Warnings Warnings Triggered by the March 11, 2011, Tsunami The DART Buoy Network Tsunami...

No-fly zones: strategic, operational, and legal considerations for Congress.(military intervention in Libya)(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Strategy Grand Strategy Military Strategy Recent Cases International Authorization Law Legitimacy Recent Cases Congressional Authorization Operations The Situation The Nature and Density of Adversary Air...

Libya: unrest and U.S. policy.(Report)
March 1, 2011... Contents Popular Revolution and Current Conflict Background Status as of March 18, 2011 Assessment U.S. and International Responses Current U.S. Policy Administration Views and Action President Obama's March 18 Remarks...