Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs articles from March 2007

Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs archives from March 2007

Largest mergers and acquisitions by corporations, 2006.(CRS Report for Congress)
March 1, 2007... March 8, 2007 Summary Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity has continued to increase, especially in each of the past three years. This report provides a listing of the largest M&A transactions worldwide (value equivalent to $2...

The Supreme Court takes five environmental cases for its 2006-2007 term.(CRS Report for Congress)
March 1, 2007... Summary The Supreme Court has accepted five environmental cases for argument during its 2006-2007 term, a significant proportion of the 72 cases it will hear during the term. Two cases involve the Clean Air Act: one asking whether the...

The budget for fiscal year 2008.(CRS Report for Congress)
March 1, 2007... March 12, 2007 Summary President Bush presented his fiscal year (FY) 2008 budget to Congress on February 5, 2007. For FY2008, the budget shows a deficit of $239 billion, which would become a surplus of $61 billion in FY2012, the...

The whistleblower protection act: an overview.
March 1, 2007... March 12, 2007 Summary This report discusses the federal statutory protections contained within the Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA) for federal employees who engage in "whistleblowing," that is, making a disclosure evidencing...

Iraq: tribal structure, social, and political activities.
March 1, 2007... Summary For centuries the social and political organization of many Iraqi Arabs has centered on the tribe. Socially, tribes were divided into related sub-tribes, which further divided into clans, and then into extended families....

Iran's nuclear program: recent developments.
March 1, 2007... Summary International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections since 2003 have revealed two decades' worth of undeclared nuclear activities in Iran, including uranium enrichment and plutonium separation efforts. Iran agreed in 2003 to...

Climate change: the role of the U.S. agriculture sector.
March 1, 2007... March 6, 2007 Summary The agriculture sector is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which many scientists agree are contributing to observed climate change. Agriculture is also a "sink" for sequestering carbon, which might...

Project BioShield: appropriations, acquisitions, and policy implementation issues for Congress.
March 1, 2007... March 8, 2007 Summary The Project BioShield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276) established a 10-year program to acquire civilian medical countermeasures to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agents for the Strategic...

Summary.(Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security)(Saddam Hussain)
March 1, 2007... Operation Iraqi Freedom overthrew Saddam Hussein's regime, but Iraq remains unstable because of Sunni Arab resentment and a related insurgency, compounded by Sunni-Shiite violence that a January 2007 national intelligence estimate (NIE) says...

Iraq: post-Saddam governance and security.(Saddam Hussain)
March 1, 2007... Iraq has not previously had experience with a democratic form of government, although parliamentary elections were held during the period of British rule under a League of Nations mandate (from 1920 until Iraq's independence in 1932), and the...

Policy in the 1990s emphasized containment.(Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security)(Saddam Hussain)
March 1, 2007... Prior to the January 16, 1991, launch of Operation Desert Storm to reverse Iraq's August 1990 invasion of Kuwait, President George H.W. Bush called on the Iraqi people to overthrow Saddam. That Administration decided not to try to do so...

Post-September 11, 2001: regime change and war.(Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security)(Saddam Hussain)
March 1, 2007... Several senior Bush Administration officials had long been advocates of a regime change policy toward Iraq, but the difficulty of that strategy led the Bush Administration initially to continue its predecessor's emphasis on containment. (12)...

Post-Saddam governance and transition.(Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security)(Saddam Hussain)
March 1, 2007... According to January 2007 statements by President Bush, U.S. goals are for an Iraq that can sustain, govern, and defend itself and is a partner in the global war on terrorism. Administration officials have, for the most part, dropped an...

Security challenges, responses, and options.(Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security)(Saddam Hussain)
March 1, 2007... Since the fall of Saddam Hussein, the United States has employed a multifaceted approach to stabilizing Iraq. However, the January 2007 National Intelligence Estimate (unclassified key judgments) said: "... in the coming 12 to 18 months, we...

President's January 10 initiative, Iraq Study Group report, legislation, and other options.(Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security)(Saddam Hussain, George W. Bush)
March 1, 2007... In formulating the new Baghdad security initiative announced on January 10, 2007, President Bush said he weighed the December 6, 2006, report of the Iraq Study Group, as well as input from several other reviews, including one directed by...

The Electoral College: reform proposals in the 109th Congress.
March 1, 2007... Updated March 12, 2007 Summary American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States under a complex arrangement of constitutional provisions, federal and state laws, and political party practices known as the...

FCC media ownership rules: current status and issues for Congress.(Federal Communications Commission)
March 1, 2007... Updated March 13, 2007 Summary On June 2, 2003, the Federal Communications Commission modified five of its media ownership rules, easing restrictions on the ownership of multiple television stations (nationally and in local markets)...

Post-war Iraq: foreign contributions to training, peacekeeping, and reconstruction.
March 1, 2007... Updated March 21, 2007 Summary Securing and maintaining foreign contributions to the reconstruction and stabilization of Iraq has been a major priority for U.S. policymakers since the launch of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March 2003....

Iraq: elections, constitution, and government.
March 1, 2007... Summary Elections in 2005 for a transition government (January 30, 2005), a permanent constitution (October 15), and a permanent (four year) government (December 15) produced a broad-based but Shiite-led government that has been unable...

Summary.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2007... According to the Administration's "National Security Strategy" document released on March 16, 2006, the United States "may face no greater challenge from a single country than Iran." That perception, generated first and foremost by Iran's...

Political history.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2007... The United States was an ally of the late Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ("the Shah"), who ruled from 1941 until his ouster in February 1979. The Shah assumed the throne when Britain and Russia forced his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi (Reza...

Regime stability, human rights, and recent elections.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2007... About a decade after founding the Islamic republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini died on June 3, 1989. The regime he established appears relatively stable, despite internal schisms, occasional unrest in areas inhabited by minorities, and...

Iran's strategic capabilities and weapons of mass destruction programs.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2007... The Administration's "National Security Strategy" document released March 16, 2006, says the United States "may face no greater challenge from a single country than from Iran," an assessment based largely on Iran's growing weapons of mass...

Foreign policy and support for terrorist groups.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2007... Iran's foreign policy is a product of the ideology of Iran's Islamic revolution, blended with long-standing national interests. The State Department report on international terrorism for 2005, released April 28, 2006, again stated (as it has...

U.S. policy responses and legislation.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2007... The February 11, 1979 fall of the Shah of Iran, a key U.S. ally, opened a long rift in U.S.-Iranian relations. On November 4, 1979, radical "students" seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and held its diplomats hostage until minutes after...

Conclusion.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
March 1, 2007... Mistrust between the United States and Iran's Islamic regime has run deep for over two decades, even before the emergence of a dispute over Iran's nuclear program. Many experts say that all factions in Iran are united on major national...

Trade agreements: impact on the U.S. economy.
March 1, 2007... Update March 15, 2007 Summary The United States is negotiating an unprecedented number of trade agreements. These agreements range from bilateral trade agreements with countries that account for meager shares of U.S. trade to...

Royalty relief for U.S. deepwater oil and gas leases.
March 1, 2007... Summary The most common incentives for offshore oil and gas development include various forms of royalty relief. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to grant royalty relief to promote...

Ethanol and biofuels: agriculture, infrastructure, and market constraints related to expanded production.
March 1, 2007... March 16, 2007 Summary High petroleum and gasoline prices, concerns over global climate change, and the desire to promote domestic rural economies have greatly increased interest in biofuels as an alternative to petroleum in the...

U.S. foreign aid to Lebanon: issues for Congress.
March 1, 2007... March 21, 2007 Summary In Lebanon today, there is a battle for political primacy between the anti-Syrian, pro-Western government of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora and the opposition, led by the Hezbollah and former General Michel Aoun....

The cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and other global war on terror operations since 9/11.
March 1, 2007... Updated March 14, 2007 Summary With enactment of FY2007 appropriations, Congress has approved a total of about $510 billion for military operations, base security, reconstruction, foreign aid, embassy costs, and veterans' health...

U.S. forces in Afghanistan.
March 1, 2007... Summary As interest in troop level deployments continue, recently, President Bush announced in a February 15, 2007 speech, the administration's plans for an increase in U.S. forces in Afghanistan, including a planned gradual increase of...

Pakistan and terrorism: a summary.
March 1, 2007... Summary This report provides a summary review of issues related to Pakistan and terrorism, especially in the context of U.S. interests, policy goals, and relevant assistance. (1) The outcomes of U.S. policies toward Pakistan since 9/11,...

Industrial competitiveness and technological advancement: debate over government policy.
March 1, 2007... Updated March 19, 2007 Summary There is ongoing interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. Because technology can contribute...

Summary.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... From the Washington Administration to the present, Congress and the President have enacted 11 separate formal declarations of war against foreign nations in five different wars. Each declaration has been preceded by a presidential request...

Introduction.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... Article I, [section] 8, of the Constitution vests in Congress the power "to declare War." Pursuant to that power, Congress has enacted eleven declarations of war during the course of American history relating to five different wars, the most...

Previous declarations of war.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... From the Washington Administration to the present, there have been eleven separate formal declarations of war against foreign nations enacted by Congress and the President, encompassing five different wars--the War of 1812 with Great Britain,...

Key dates and actions related to formal U.S. declarations of war.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)(Chronology)
March 1, 2007... 1812--Great Britain Madison asked June 1, 1812. House passed on June 4, 1812 (79-49). Senate passed on June 17, 1812 (19-13). President signed on June 18, 1812. Act of Jun. 18, 1812, ch. 102, 2 Stat. 755. Terminated by Treaty of Ghent, which...

Key statutory authorizations for the use of military force.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... From the Administration of President John Adams to the present, there have been various instances when legislation has been enacted authorizing the use of military force by the President instead of formally declaring war. In most cases such...

Implications under international law.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... Traditionally, peace and war have been deemed under international law to be distinctive forms of relations between states. Thus, peace has been defined as a condition in which States maintain order and justice, solve their...

Implications under domestic law.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... Early American jurisprudence drew a distinction between general, or perfect, war and limited, or imperfect, war, and understood a declaration of war under Article I, [section] 8, of the Constitution to commit the nation to a general war....

Itemization of standby statutory authorities.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... Under ordinary circumstances the President exercises the powers conferred on him by the Constitution and by statutes enacted by Congress. As noted in the preceding section, in extraordinary circumstances a number of additional statutory...

(1) Statutory authorities triggered by a declaration of war.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... Many of following provisions can be triggered by circumstances other than a declaration of war. But all would come into effect upon enactment of a declaration of war: Congressional Budget Act. 2 U.S.C.A. [section] 198(b)--provides...

(2) Statutory authorities triggered by the existence of a state of war (and thus also by a declaration of war).(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... In addition to the statutes that are explicitly triggered by a declaration of war, a number come into the effect if a state of war, or period of war, or simply "war" exists. Because a declaration of war automatically creates a state of war,...

(3) Statutory authorities triggered by declaration or existence of national emergency.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... As noted, many of the statutes in the previous two subsections can also be triggered not only by a declaration of war or the existence of a state of war but also by a declaration of national emergency. There are, in addition, a number of...

Congressional procedures for declaring war or authorizing the use of force.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... The following section discusses how Congress would act on a joint resolution or bill to declare war or authorize the use of force if the House and Senate were to consider that measure under the regular procedures of each house. It also...

Appendix 1. Texts of formal declarations of war by the United States.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... War with Great Britain 1812 (Act of Jun. 18, 1812, ch. 102, 2 Stat 755) CHAP. CII.--An Act declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and the United States of America and their...

Appendix II. Texts of key authorizations of use of force.(Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications)
March 1, 2007... Protection of the Commerce and Coasts of the United States (Act of May 28, 1798, ch. 48, 1 Stat. 561) CHAP. XLVIII.--An Act more effectually to protect the Commerce and Coasts of the United States. Whereas armed vessels sailing...

Summary.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... This report has been updated with an epilogue on the creation of a standing House Committee on Homeland Security in the 109th Congress, the election of a new chair September 15, 2005, and the committee's organization in the 110th Congress....

Homeland Security: compendium of recommendations relevant to House Committee Organization and analysis of considerations for the House.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... As directed by the House, (1) the Select Committee on Homeland Security reported to the House Rules Committee September 30, 2004, its recommendations on "the operation and implementation of the rules of the House, including rule X, with...

Homeland Security and House Committees in the 107th and 108th Congresses.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... 107th Congress Shortly after the convening of the 107th Congress, Speaker Hastert initiated a Working Group on Terrorism and Homeland Security as a unit of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. (4) Following the terrorist...

108th Congress hearings on Homeland Security and committee organization.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... When the Select Committee on Homeland Security organized, it created a Subcommittee on Rules under the chairmanship of Representative Lincoln Diaz-Balart to carry out the study of House rules. The subcommittee conducted four hearings to...

Select committee's recommendations for a homeland security committee.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... On September 30, 2004, the Select Committee on Homeland Security transmitted its recommendations to the Rules Committee. (99) It recommended that a standing and therefore permanent Committee on Homeland Security be established, with the...

What is Homeland Security? The Homeland Security Act of 2002.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... As noted above, the Select Committee on Homeland Security stated in the report on its recommendations to the House: "The Homeland Security Act of 2002 offers a congressionally-created road map to jurisdictional reform that focuses on the...

What is Homeland Security? Commission and think tank recommendations.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... As noted at the beginning of this report, the 9/11 commission and other commissions and think tanks recommended a reorganization of congressional committees, specifically recommending the creation of a homeland security committee in each...

A brief history of House Committees and department creation.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Since World War II, when confronted with an opportunity to create or reorganize its committees to correspond to new Cabinet departments, the House has responded differently to the creation of various departments. This section of this report...

Analysis of considerations relevant to the creation of a Homeland Security Committee.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... The 9/11 Commission and other commissions and think tanks define homeland security to be a continuum of international and domestic initiatives and activities, all of which have a role reducing the likelihood and potential impact of a...

Conclusion.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... If the House were to create a permanent homeland security committee in the 109th Congress, the time after creation of the committee, in the 109th Congress and beyond, would provide an opportunity for adjustments within the House's committee...

Epilogue.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Creation of the Homeland Security Committee in the 109th Congress On January 4, 2005, the House created a standing Committee on Homeland Security in agreeing to H.Res. 5, providing for the adoption of the House's rules for the 109th...

Appendix A.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Recommendations of the Select Committee on Homeland Security on Changes to the Rules of the House of Representatives with Respect to Homeland Security Issues In this appendix, the reader will find the text of the report of the Select...

Appendix B.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Recommendations on Congressional Organization Made by the 9/11 Commission (246) In this appendix, the reader will find excerpts from the report of the 9/11 Commission. The excerpts are the verbatim recommendations related to...

Appendix C.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Recommendations on Congressional Organization Made by the Bremer Commission (249) In this appendix, the reader will find excerpts from the report of the Bremer Commission. The excerpts are the verbatim recommendations related to...

Appendix D.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Recommendations on Congressional Organization Made by the Gilmore Commission (250) In this appendix, the reader will find excerpts from the report of the Gilmore Commission. The excerpts are the verbatim recommendations related to...

Appendix E.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Recommendations on Congressional Organization Made by the Hart-Rudman Commission (253) In this appendix, the reader will find excerpts from the report of the Hart-Rudman Commission. The excerpts are the verbatim recommendations related...

Appendix F.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Recommendations on Congressional Organization Made by The Brookings Institution In this appendix, the reader will find excerpts from the report of The Brookings Institution. The excerpts are the verbatim recommendations related to...

Appendix G.(Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, and 109th and 110th Congresses Epilogue)
March 1, 2007... Recommendations on Congressional Organization Made By the Center for Strategic and International Studies In this appendix, the reader will find excerpts from the report of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). The...

U.S. International HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria spending: FY2004-FY2008.
March 1, 2007... Updated March 6, 2007 Summary On January 28, 2003, during his State of the Union Address, President George Bush proposed that the United States spend $15 billion over five years to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria...

Nuclear power: outlook for new U.S. reactors.
March 1, 2007... Updated March 9, 2007 Summary Nearly three decades after the most recent order was placed for a new nuclear power plant in the United States, several utilities are now expressing interest in building a total of up to 30 new reactors....

U.S. assistance to the former Soviet Union.
March 1, 2007... Update March 1, 2007 Summary Since 1992, the United States has provided more than $28 billion in assistance to the 12 states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It continues to provide nearly $2 billion annually. This report describes...

Summary.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)(funds for defense increases)
March 1, 2007... On March 23, by a vote of 218-212, the House approved H.R. 1591, a bill providing $124 billion in supplemental appropriations for FY2007 and requiring the redeployment of U.S. troops out of Iraq. The bill's rule allowed no amendments and...

Most recent developments.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)(Senate Appropriations Committee)
March 1, 2007... On March 22, the Senate Appropriations Committee marked up and reported its version of a bill, S. 965, providing $121.6 billion in supplemental appropriations for FY2007. The full Senate began floor consideration of the bill on March 26, when...

Overview of the administration request (1).(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... On February 5, the Administration requested $103 billion in supplemental appropriations for FY2007 of which $93.4 billion was for the Department of Defense and $6.0 billion for international affairs. The Administration also requested $3.4...

Highlights of House Appropriations Committee bill.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... The bill as approved by the House Appropriations Committee on March 15 and passed by the House on March 23, provides a total of $124 billion in supplemental appropriations, including * $100.4 billion for the Department of Defense, $7.1...

Highlights of House floor action.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)(Brief article)
March 1, 2007... The House began floor debate on the supplemental bill on Thursday, March 22, and approved the bill by a vote of 218-212 on March 23. Debate on the bill was conducted under a closed rule (H.Res. 261), which permitted no amendments. Among...

Highlights of Senate Appropriations Committee bill.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... The Senate Appropriations Committee marked up and reported its version of the bill on Thursday, March 22. The bill provides a total of $118.6 billion in supplemental appropriations, including * $98.6 billion for the Department of Defense,...

Brief overview of major issues (2).(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... Iraq Policy Iraq policy has been the overriding issue in debate about the FY2007 supplemental appropriations bill, though the White House and congressional opponents of the bill have also been critical of the amounts the House and Senate...

Potential limitations on U.S. military operations in and around Iraq (7).(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... The House-passed version of H.R. 1591 includes provisions that would require the withdrawal of U.S. forces from a combat role in Iraq (with certain exceptions) by no later than August 31, 2008. Other provisions of the bill would bar the...

FY2007 defense supplemental (22).(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... In the fifth year of operations since the 9/11 attacks, the Department of Defense (DOD) is requesting a total of $163.4 billion in emergency funds to cover war costs for FY2007 including $70 billion already provided in DOD's regular FY2007...

FY2007 international affairs supplemental.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... Overview In recent years, supplemental appropriations have become a significant source of additional funds for international affairs (150 account) programs at a time when regular appropriations have been constrained by budget pressures....

Liquidation of TSA contract and grant obligations (77).(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)(Transportation Security Administration)
March 1, 2007... On January 10, 2007, the President transmitted to Congress a request to transfer $195 million in unobligated balances to resolve insufficiently funded Transportation Security Administration (TSA) contract and grant obligations incurred during...

Ongoing Katrina recovery measures.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)(Hurricane Katrina)
March 1, 2007... As part of its package of FY2007 supplemental appropriations requests, the Administration has asked for $3.4 billion for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) to continue Katrina recovery efforts. The...

Unrequested funding for domestic programs.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... Supplemental appropriations bills traditionally become vehicles for Congress to provide funds for high priority programs for which the Administration did not request money. The House Appropriations Committee bill includes additional funds for...

For additional reading.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... CRS Multi-Media Presentation MM70099, FY2008 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress--Seminar Slides, by Stephen Daggett, Ronald O'Rourke, David F. Burrelli, and Amy Belasco. CRS Report RL33110, The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global...

Appendix. War-related appropriations, FY2005-FY2007.(FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes)
March 1, 2007... Table A-1. War-Related Appropriations, FY2005-FY2007 Supplemental Request (in billions of dollars) Total Total FY2005 FY2006 ...